In Shamanism in the Hmong culture, a shaman may use a rooster in religious ceremony as it is said that the rooster shields the shaman from " evil " spirits by making him invisible as the evil spirits only see the rooster's spirit.

He feels that the usage of " Hmong " in reference to both groups perpetuates the marginalization of Mong Leng language and culture.

Some argue that such distinctions create unnecessary divisions within the global community and will only confuse non-Hmong and Mong people trying to learn more about Hmong and Mong history and culture.

Although many Hmong people and Iu Mien are from Laos, they have a distinct culture, language and ethnicity, and identify as a different ethnic group.

* Hmong customs and culture

The six major hill tribes within Thailand are the Akha, Lahu, Karen, Hmong / Miao, Mien / Yao and Lisu, each with a distinct language and culture.

The expansion of the neighboring Chinese from the north, caused a disruption in the Hmong culture and forced them to migrate southwards to escape oppression and persecution.

The distinction between the latter two of these realizations, vocal cords somewhat separated along their length ( breathy voice ) and vocal cords together with the arytenoids making an opening ( whispery voice ), is phonetically relevant in White Hmong.

Authentic Yoruba carved and painted wood tribal statue of a " cock fight " Miao ( i. e. Hmong ) are animists, shamanists and ancestor worshipers with beliefs being affected in varying degrees by Taoism, Buddhism and Christianity.

The Hmong of Southeast Guizhou will cover the rooster with a piece of red cloth and then hold it up to worship and sacrifice to the Heaven and the Earth.

In a 2010 trial of a Sheboygan Wisconsin Hmong that was charged with staging a cockfight, it was stated that the roosters were “ kept for both food and religious purposes ” resulted in an acquittal .” In Viet Nam fighting roosters or fighting cocks are colloquially called " sacred chickens ".

Thus Vietnamese, Tai – Kadai and Hmong – Mien ( Miao – Yao ), all languages with a similar tone system to Chinese, were classified under the Sino-Tibetan tree.

White Hmong and Mong Leng people speak mutually intelligible dialects of the Hmong language with some differences in pronunciation and vocabulary.

In SaPa, now with a ' standardised ' clothing look, Black Hmong sub-groups have differentiated themselves by adopting different headwear ; those with a large comb embedded in their long hair ( but without a hat ) call themselves Tao, those with a pillbox hat name themselves Giay, and those with a checked headscarf are Yao.

Because the Hmong lived mainly in the highland areas of Southeast Asia and China, the French occupiers of Southeast Asia gave them the name Montagnards or " mountain people ", but this should not be confused with the Degar people of Vietnam, who were also referred to as Montagnards.

When Western authors came in contact with Hmong people, beginning in the 18th century, they referred to them in writing by ethnonyms assigned by the Chinese ( i. e., Miao, or variants ).

Several states with Hmong populations issued official translations only in the Hmong Der dialect.

Evidence from mitochondrial DNA in Hmong – Mien / Miao – Yao – speaking populations supports the southern origins of maternal lineages even further back in time, although Hmong / Miao-speaking populations show more contact with northeast Asians ( i. e., northern Han ) than Mien / Yao populations.

Historical Chinese documents describe that area being inhabited by ' Miao ' people, a group with whom Hmong people are often identified.

Yet, the history of the ' Miao ' cannot be equated with the history of the Hmong.

China does not recognise officially the ethnonym Hmong and instead, clusters that group with an official and wider group: the Miao ( 8, 940, 116 in 2000 ).

This migration, combined with major social unrest in southern China in the 18th and 19th century, served to cause some minorities of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, where the majority of the Hmong in China ( estimated at around 3 millions ) still live today, to migrate south.

During the colonization of ' Tonkin ' ( north Vietnam ) between 1883 and 1954, a number of Hmong decided to join the Vietnamese Nationalists and Communists, while many Christianized Hmong sided with the French.

After decades of distant relations with the Lao kingdoms, closer relations between the French military and some Hmong on the Xieng Khouang plateau were set up after World War II.

Linguistic evidence, however, places Hmong and Mong people in the same regions of southern China that they inhabit today for at least the past 2, 000 years.

At the same time, some Mong Leng people voiced concerns that the supposed inclusive term " Hmong " only served to exclude them from the national discourse.

By the same date, 10, 000 Hmong had migrated to France, including 1, 400 in French Guyana.

Over the following years and until the definitive closure of the last refugee camps in Thailand in 1998, additional numbers of Hmong have left Asia, but the definitive figures are still to be produced.

Four days later the official Pathet Lao newspaper warned that the Hmong would be exterminated “ to the last root .”

Additionally it was the last of the Hmong refugee camps in Thailand.

Within the last 300 – 400 years, the Hmong and some Mien people have migrated to Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Burma.

The Miao nationality includes Hmong people as well as other culturally and linguistically related ethnic groups who do not call themselves Hmong.

This however fails to recognize that, while the Hmong are a small nation within the broader linguistic / cultural family of Miao people, the vast majority of Miao people do not classify themselves as Hmong and have their own names for themselves.

Other languages that do not belong to the above groups include Ainu, Burushaski, Georgian, Hmong, Korean, Mongolian, various Romance-based creoles ( Chavacano, Macanese, and Kristang ) and many others.

These include the Flower Hmong or the Variegated Hmong ( Hmong Lenh or Hmong Hoa ), so named because of the bright colorful embroidery ( called pa ndau, literally " flower cloth ").

KFAI's programming is highly eclectic and uses block programming, so that, for example, one might find a country music program followed by an hour of news about LGBT issues, or a reggae program followed by an hour of spoken word readings or an hour of Hmong programming.

Most subject – verb – object languages place genitives after the noun, though there is a significant minority, including the postpositional SVO languages of West Africa, the Hmong – Mien languages, some Sino-Tibetan languages, and such European languages as Swedish, Danish, Lithuanian and Latvian, that have prenominal genitives ( as would be expected in a SOV language ).

What nobody had anticipated was the tens of thousands of Hmong left behind in Long Tieng and Laos would follow Vang Pao and other Hmong leaders to Thailand.

How many died or were killed in the attempt to escape Laos will never be known, but the flight of Hmong and other Laotian highland peoples into Thailand would continue for many more years.

Most of the Hmong in Thailand would eventually be resettled in the United States and other countries.

Pilot procurement for the swelling fleet would always be problematic, with the inadequate roster of Lao and Hmong pilots being filled out with Thai mercenary pilots, and a few Americans from Air America.

Over the centuries, many wars have been waged against the Chinese in which the Hmong would suffer heavy casualties from, being that they were outnumbered.