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Hofstadter is College of Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Science and Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he directs the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition which consists of himself and his graduate students, forming the " Fluid Analogies Research Group " ( FARG ).
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Hofstadter and is
" Hofstadter notes that to call this a " myth " is not to imply that the idea is simply false.
Hofstadter also noted that " sexual freedom " is a vice frequently attributed to the conspiracist's target group, noting that " very often the fantasies of true believers reveal strong sadomasochistic outlets, vividly expressed, for example, in the delight of anti-Masons with the cruelty of Masonic punishments.
For example, Daniel Dennett and Douglas Hofstadter argue that anything capable of passing the Turing test is necessarily conscious, while David Chalmers argues that a philosophical zombie could pass the test, yet fail to be conscious.
Douglas Richard Hofstadter ( born February 15, 1945 ) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics.
Both inside and outside his professional work, Hofstadter is driven by the pursuit of beauty.
In particular, Hofstadter claims that our sense of having ( or being ) an " I " comes from the abstract pattern he terms a " strange loop ", which is an abstract cousin of such concrete phenomena as audio and video feedback, and which Hofstadter has defined as " a level-crossing feedback loop ".
Hofstadter is passionate about languages.
Hofstadter is related by marriage to the late evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould: Hofstadter's paternal aunt Shirley Hofstadter was married to Gould's maternal uncle Herbert Rosenberg.
In the 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two, Arthur C. Clarke's first sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 is described by Dr. Chandra as being caught in a " Hofstadter – Möbius loop ".
A typical description of the problem is given in the book Gödel, Escher, Bach, by Douglas Hofstadter
Typical of these references is Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter, which accords the paradox a prominent place in a discussion of self-reference.
* The femtometre, a convenient unit of length in dealing with distances inside the atomic nucleus, was coined the " fermi " by Robert Hofstadter in a 1956, and is still a term widely used.
The concept of a strange loop was proposed and extensively discussed by Douglas Hofstadter in Gödel, Escher, Bach, and is further elaborated in Hofstadter's book I Am a Strange Loop, published in 2007.
A strange loop hierarchy, however, is " tangled " ( Hofstadter refers to this as a " heterarchy "), in that there is no well defined highest or lowest level ; moving through the levels, one eventually returns to the starting point, i. e., the original level.
Hofstadter points to Bach's Canon per Tonos, M. C. Escher's drawings Waterfall, Drawing Hands, Ascending and Descending, and the liar paradox as examples that illustrate the idea of strange loops, which is expressed fully in the proof of Gödel's incompleteness theorem.
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid ( commonly GEB ) is a 1979 book by Douglas Hofstadter, described by his publishing company as " a metaphorical fugue on minds and machines in the spirit of Lewis Carroll ".
In response to confusion over the book's theme, Hofstadter has emphasized that GEB is not about mathematics, art, and music but rather about how cognition and thinking emerge from well-hidden neurological mechanisms.
In a dialogue between Achilles and the Tortoise, the author hints that there is a contrapunctal acrostic in the chapter that refers both to the author ( Hofstadter ) and Bach.
The character Leonard Hofstadter, featured in the CBS television comedy The Big Bang Theory, is named after Robert Hofstadter.
Hofstadter and College
He then briefly studied at Lincoln College at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar before studying for his PhD at Indiana University Bloomington under Douglas Hofstadter.
Hofstadter and Arts
In April 2009 Hofstadter was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society.
Hofstadter and Sciences
* Robert Hofstadter Memorial Lectures, annually presented at the Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Physics and as of March 2011 listed under individual years ' calendars in the Department's official pages at the Stanford University website
Hofstadter and Professor
Schawlow and Professor Robert Hofstadter at Stanford, who also had an autistic child, teamed up to help each other find solutions to the condition.
Hofstadter, the DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History at Columbia University, became the " iconic historian of postwar liberal consensus ", largely due to his emphasis on ideas and political culture rather than the day-to-day doings of politicians.
In 1946, Hofstadter joined the Columbia University faculty and in 1959 became the DeWitt Clinton Professor of American History, where he played a major role in directing Ph. D. dissertations in the field.
Hofstadter and at
Provoked by predictions of a technological singularity ( the hypothetical moment at which artificial intelligence will surpass human intelligence ), Hofstadter has both organized and participated in several public discussions of the topic.
Hofstadter was also an invited panelist at the first Singularity Summit, held at Stanford in May 2006.
A trivial example of the specific form of the Eliza effect, given by Douglas Hofstadter, involves an automated teller machine which displays the words " THANK YOU " at the end of a transaction.
Hofstadter taught at Stanford University from 1950 to 1985.
* Hofstadter, Robert, " Robert Hofstadter's speech at the Nobel Banquet ", The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, December 10, 1961.
* Flint, Peter B., " Obituary: Dr. Robert Hofstadter Dies at 75 ; Won Nobel Prize in Physics in ' 61 ", The New York Times, November 19, 1990.
Hofstadter then studied philosophy and history at the University at Buffalo, from 1933, under the diplomatic historian Julius W. Pratt.
In 1936, Hofstadter entered the doctoral program in history at Columbia University, where Merle Curti was demonstrating how to synthesize intellectual, social, and political history based upon secondary sources rather than primary-source archival research.
From 1942 to 1946 Hofstadter taught history at the University of Maryland.
" Thus Hofstadter argued, " The application of depth psychology to politics, chancy though it is, has at least made us acutely aware that politics can be a projective arena for feelings and impulses that are only marginally related to the manifest issues.
Hofstadter, influenced by his wife, was a member of the Young Communist League at university, and in April 1938 he joined the Communist Party of the USA ; he quit in 1939.
Hofstadter planned to write a three-volume history of American society, but at his death from leukemia in 1970, he had only completed the first volume, America at 1750: A Social Portrait ( 1971 ).
As a senior professor at a leading graduate university, Hofstadter directed more than one hundred finished doctoral dissertations but gave his graduate students only cursory attention ; that academic latitude enabled them to find their own models of history.
14, No. 3 ( Sep., 1941 ), pp. 457 – 477 online at JSTOR, reprinted in Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860 – 1915 ( 1944 ).
Hofstadter and Indiana
The Carol Ann Brush Hofstadter Memorial Scholarship for Bologna-bound Indiana University students was established in 1996 in her name.
Jauch ( ISBN 0-253-20545-X ) 1989 Indiana University Press ; Hofstadter wrote the foreword.
* Copycat, by Douglas Hofstadter and Melanie Mitchell at the Indiana University.
Copycat is a model of analogy making and human cognition based on the concept of the parallel terraced scan, developed in 1988 by Douglas Hofstadter, Melanie Mitchell, and others at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition, Indiana University Bloomington.
It was developed by John Rehling and Douglas Hofstadter at the Center for Research on Concepts and Cognition at Indiana University, Bloomington.
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