Honigmann, the editor of the Arden Shakespeare edition, concluded that Othello's race is ambiguous.

" Various uses of the word ' black ' ( for example, " Haply for I am black ") are insufficient evidence for any accurate racial classification, Honigmann argues, since ' black ' could simply mean ' swarthy ' to Elizabethans.

Roderigo calls Othello ' the thicklips ', which seems to refer to European conceptions of Sub-Saharan African physiognomy, but Honigmann counters that, as these comments are all intended as insults by the characters, they need not be taken literally.

Honigmann discusses the view that Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun, Moorish ambassador of the Arab King of Barbary to Queen Elizabeth I in 1600, was one inspiration for Othello.

Georgian academician Shalva Nutsubidze and Belgian professor Ernest Honigmann were authors of a theory identifying pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite with Peter the Iberian.

Daniel and Honigmann cite Act 2, Scene 1, where Hortensio is omitted from the scene where Tranio ( as Lucentio ) and Gremio bid for Bianca, despite the fact that everyone knows Hortensio is also a suitor.

Daniel and Honigmann believe that an original version of the play existed in which Hortensio was simply a friend of Petruchio's, and had no involvement in the Bianca subplot, but wishing to complicate things, Shakespeare rewrote the play, expanding Hortensio's role, but not fully correcting everything to fit the presence of a new suitor.

* Honigmann, E. A. J.

Honigmann elaborated these arguments, both in his preface to the second Arden edition of King John, and in his 1982 monograph on Shakespeare's influence on his contemporaries.

Honigmann discerned in the play the influence of John Foxe's Acts and Monuments, Matthew Paris ' Historia Maior, and the Wakefield Chronicle, but Muir demonstrated that this apparent influence could be explained by the priority of the Troublesome Reign, which contains similar or identical matter.

Honigmann and Grace Ioppolo as supporting this view.

Honigmann for example, dissents from the most common dating of the plays with his " early start theory " by pushing back the beginning of Shakespeare's career four or five years beginning with the composition of Titus Andronicus in 1586 instead of following Chambers.

Honigmann, suggests he may have written it prior to his arrival ) and, as such, he lacked theatrical experience.

Barbara Honigmann ( born 12 February 1949 in Berlin ) is a German author and artist.

Barbara Honigmann is the daughter of German-Jewish emigrants, who returned to East Berlin in 1947 after a period of exile in Great Britain.

* Prof E. A. J. Honigmann, Joseph Cowen Professor of English Literature from 1970-89 at Newcastle University

Prior to 1954 I imagine that a majority of Southerners would have voted against the Confederacy.

his requesting, and often getting, higher wages, better working conditions, better schools -- changes that were slowly emerging even before the Supreme Court decision of 1954.

Since 1954 the Negro's desire for social justice has led to an ironically anarchical rebellion.

But with the renewal of interference in 1954 ( as with its beginning in 1835 ), the improvement was impaired.

A more complete list would also include Bradbury's `` The Pedestrian '' ( 1951 ), Philip K. Dick's Solar Lottery ( 1955 ), David Karp's One ( 1953 ), Wilson Tucker's The Long Loud Silence ( 1952 ), Jack Vance's To Live Forever ( 1956 ), Gore Vidal's Messiah ( 1954 ), and Bernard Wolfe's Limbo ( 1952 ), as well as the three perhaps most outstanding dystopias, Frederik Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants ( 1953 ), Kurt Vonnegut's Player Piano ( 1952 ), and John Wyndham's Re-Birth ( 1953 ), works which we will later examine in detail.

For a time it appeared that a common European army might be created, but the project for a European Defense Community was rejected by the French National Assembly in 1954.

The State Department tacitly rejected the neutral Laos idea after the Geneva conference of 1954, and last year Washington backed the rightist coup that ousted neutral Premier Souvanna Phouma.

The Indochina struggle was a war to stay out of in 1954, when Gen. Ridgway estimated it would take a minimum of 10 to 15 divisions at the outset to win a war the French were losing.

South Viet Nam has received $1,450,000,000 in United States aid since 1954 and the rate of assistance has been stepped up since Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson's visit last May.

In 1954 I was drafted and after serving two years honorably on Active Duty I was not required to participate in any further Army Reserve activities.

This time, added to that which I had already spent in school prior to my induction in 1954, makes a total of twenty-two ( 22 ) years of education.

With the aid of matching federal funds available under Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954 as amended, the planning division began a one year program July 1, 1960 to complete the inventory phase of the state planning program.

To assist the States, therefore, in rehabilitating handicapped individuals, `` so that they may prepare for and engage in remunerative employment to the extent of their capabilities '', the 83rd Congress enacted the Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments of 1954 ( P. L. 565 ).

The Act further provides for a `` floor '' or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the `` base '' allotment, and a `` ceiling '' or maximum allotment, for each State.

Regardless of its unadjusted allotment, each State is guaranteed by law a minimum allotment each year equal to the allotment which it received in fiscal year 1954 -- increased by a uniform percentage of 5.4865771 which brings total 1954 allotments to all States up to $23,000,000.

For the States which maintain two separate agencies -- one for the vocational rehabilitation of the blind, and one for the rehabilitation of persons other than the blind -- the Act specifies that their minimum ( base ) allotment shall be divided between the two agencies in the same proportion as it was divided in fiscal year 1954.

Prior to 1960, in order to provide matching for the minimum ( base ) allotment, State funds had to equal 1954 State funds.

This has been the aim of the director of the shooting development program, the New York staff of the Sportsmen's Service Bureau, and the SAAMI shooting preserve field consultants since the start of the program in 1954.

Following the kick-off of SAAMI's shooting development program in 1954, a most interesting meeting took place in Washington, D.C..

Since SAAMI's conception in 1926, and more specifically since the adoption of the Shooting Development Program in 1954, millions of dollars and promotional man-hours have gone into the development of more places to shoot for more youths and adults.

The mechanism of action of these drugs has not been completely worked out, but certain of them appear to act by reducing the oxidised form of iodine before it can iodinate thyroglobulin ( Astwood, 1954 ).

Stanbury, Brownell, Riggs, Perinetti, Itoiz, and Del Castillo, 1954 ).

Brakke et al, 1954 ).

Other sections of the 1954 Internal Revenue Code provide for survival of certain of a transferor's tax attributes following a tax-free reorganization.