Hooke's diaries also make frequent reference to meetings at coffeehouses and taverns, and to dinners with Robert Boyle.

Hooke's experiments led him to conclude that combustion involves a substance that is mixed with air, a statement with which modern scientists would agree, but that was not widely understood, if at all, in the seventeenth century.

In Hooke's time, the Royal Society met at Gresham College, but within a few months of Hooke's death Newton became the Society's president and plans were laid for a new meeting place.

** Hooke's Micrographia, at Project Gutenberg ( downloadable collections, including searchable ASCII text and book as complete html document with images )

** Hooke's Micrographia, at Linda Hall Library

* A Panoramic Virtual Tour of Hooke's Church at Willen – by Peter Loud

* Exploring our archives, a blog by researchers at the Royal Society exploring Hooke's lost manuscript

Shelley Memorial # Boyle-Hooke plaque | Plaque at the site of Boyle and Hooke's experiments in Oxford

In 1683, Hooke proposed a solution to the nonuniform rotary speed of the universal joint: a pair of Hooke's joints 90 ° out of phase at either end of an intermediate shaft, an arrangement that is now known as a type of constant-velocity joint.

A figure from Robert Hooke's Micrographia, which appears as an illustration at the bottom of page 122 in the Perennial ed.

" I am heartily sorry that in this matter, wherein all mankind ought to acknowledge their obligations to you, you should meet with anything that should give you unquiet "; and then, after an account of Hooke's claim to the discovery as made at a meeting of the Royal Society, he concludes: " But I found that they were all of opinion that nothing thereof appearing in print, nor on the books of the Society, you ought to be considered as the inventor.

Art critic Arthur Danto describes them as " fierce ", reminiscent of 17th-century scientist Robert Hooke's Micrographia, lying " at the intersection of magnified insects, battle masks, and armored chariots ...”.

In February 2006, a long-lost copy of Hooke's handwritten notes from several decades of Royal Society meetings was discovered in a cupboard in Hampshire, and the balance-spring controversy appears, by evidence contained in those notes, to be settled in favour of Hooke's claim.

Much of Hooke's scientific work was conducted in his capacity as curator of experiments of the Royal Society, a post he held from 1662, or as part of the household of Robert Boyle.

A bitter dispute between Hooke and Christiaan Huygens on the priority of this invention was to continue for centuries after the death of both ; but a note dated 23 June 1670 in the Hooke Folio ( see External links below ), describing a demonstration of a balance-controlled watch before the Royal Society, has been held to favour Hooke's claim.

Hooke's 1666 Royal society lecture " On gravity " added two further principles – that all bodies move in straight lines till deflected by some force and that the attractive force is stronger for closer bodies.

Hooke's ostensible purpose was to tell Newton that Hooke had been appointed to manage the Royal Society's correspondence.

When the move to new quarters finally was made a few years later, in 1710, Hooke's Royal Society portrait went missing, and has yet to be found.

This was a prelude to Robert Hooke's ( 1635 – 1703 ) invitation to Isaac Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) to resume his scientific correspondence with the Royal Society, and to their ensuing discussion about the trajectory of falling bodies " that turned Newton's mind away from ' other business ' and back to the study of terrestrial and celestial mechanics.

Image a flea from Robert Hooke's work with the Royal Society.

In the same letter Halley found it necessary to inform Newton of Hooke's conduct when the manuscript of the Principia was presented to the Society.

The classical theory of elasticity deals with the behaviour of elastic solids under small deformations, for which ,( 1 ) according to Hooke's Law, stress is directly proportional to the strain — but independent of the rate of strain, or how fast the deformation was applied, and ( 2 ) the strains are completely recoverable once the stress is removed.

When Hooke's claim was made known to Newton, who hated disputes, Newton threatened to withdraw and suppress Book 3 altogether, but Halley, showing considerable diplomatic skills, tactfully persuaded Newton to withdraw his threat and let it go forward to publication.

Hooke's gravitation was also not yet universal, though it approached universality more closely than previous hypotheses.

" ( Hooke's inference about the velocity was actually incorrect.

Newton, faced in May 1686 with Hooke's claim on the inverse square law, denied that Hooke was to be credited as author of the idea, giving reasons including the citation of prior work by others before Hooke.

Much of what is known of Hooke's early life comes from an autobiography that he commenced in 1696, but was not completed.

Hooke developed an air pump for Boyle's experiments based on the pump of Ralph Greatorex, which was considered, in Hooke's words, " too gross to perform any great matter.

Instruments were devised to measure a second of arc in the movement of the sun or other stars, to measure the strength of gunpowder, and in particular an engine to cut teeth for watches, much finer than could be managed by hand, an invention which was, by Hooke's death, in constant use.

Hooke's reputation was revived during the twentieth century through studies of Robert Gunther and Margaret Espinasse.

Much has been written about the unpleasant side of Hooke's personality, starting with comments by his first biographer, Richard Waller, that Hooke was " in person, but despicable " and " melancholy, mistrustful, and jealous.

Hooke's gravitation was also not yet universal, though it approached universality more closely than previous hypotheses.

" ( Hooke's inference about the velocity was actually incorrect )

Newton, faced in May 1686 with Hooke's claim on the inverse square law, denied that Hooke was to be credited as author of the idea, giving reasons including the citation of prior work by others before Hooke.

It is now known that Hooke's equipment was far too imprecise to allow the measurement to succeed.

A lesser-known contribution however one of the first of its kind was Hooke's scientific model of human memory.

Wren's challenge to Halley and Hooke, for the reward of a book worth thirty shillings, was to provide, within the context of Hooke's hypothesis, a mathematical theory linking the Kepler's laws with a specific force law.

Hooke's description of these cells ( which were actually non-living cell walls ) was published in Micrographia.

However, if the mass is displaced from the equilibrium position, a restoring elastic force which obeys Hooke's law is exerted by the spring.

* When the system is displaced from its equilibrium position, a restoring force which resembles Hooke's law tends to restore the system to equilibrium.

The wave equation in the one dimensional case can be derived from Hooke's law in the following way: Imagine an array of little weights of mass m interconnected with massless springs of length h.

Hooke's microscope, from an engraving in Micrographia.

None of this should distract from Hooke's inventiveness, his remarkable experimental facility, and his capacity for hard work.

Diagram of a louse from Hooke's Micrographia

Drawings of the Moon and the Pleiades ( star cluster ) | Pleiades from Hooke's Micrographia

Here it is assumed that application of the force causes the spring to expand and, having derived the force constant by least squares fitting, the extension can be predicted from Hooke's law.

Hooke's law can be derived from this formula, which describes the stiffness of an ideal spring:

As long as they are not stretched or compressed beyond their elastic limit, most springs obey Hooke's law, which states that the force with which the spring pushes back is linearly proportional to the distance from its equilibrium length:

The force toward and away from nodes is calculated according to Hooke's Law and Coulomb's law or similar as discussed above.

In reality all materials deviate from Hooke's law in various ways, for example by exhibiting viscous-like as well as elastic characteristics.

The influence of these old masters dominated the future coloration of Hooke's pictures, and he applied the artistic lessons learned from his travels to the painting of romantic subjects and those English themes of land and sea which became his trademarks.

As another quick example, Hooke's Law () describes the force produced by a spring when stretched a distance < var > x </ var > from its resting position, and is another example of a direct proportion: k in this case has units N / m ( in metric ).

Newton, who heard of this from Halley, rebutted Hooke's claim in letters to Halley, acknowledging only an occasion of reawakened interest.