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Page "Nuclear chain reaction" ¶ 41
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However and nuclear
However, because this vulnerability is mutual, it is to the advantage of neither side to destroy the opponent's cities, at least so long as the opponent has nuclear weapons with which to effect reprisal.
However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.
However, this was the temperature of one particular degree of freedom a quantum property called nuclear spin not the overall average thermodynamic temperature for all possible degrees in freedom.
However, the use of advanced nuclear magnetic resonance methods to directly measure the mobility of water in living cells contradicts this idea, as it suggests that 85 % of cell water acts like that pure water, while the remainder is less mobile and probably bound to macromolecules.
However, he uses his nuclear pulse, knocking her out.
However, ocean dumping of nuclear waste is prohibited by international law.
However, other factors ( such as atomic radius, nuclear charge, number of bonding orbitals, overlap of orbital energies, and crystal form ) are involved as well.
However, the process of binary fission is very much different from the process of mitosis, because of the non-involvement of nuclear dynamics and lack of linear chromosomes.
However in 2009 the North continued its nuclear test program.
However, this process cannot happen to a great extent in a nuclear reactor, as too small a fraction of the fission neutrons produced by any type of fission have enough energy to efficiently fission U-238 ( fission neutrons have a median energy of 2 MeV, but a mode of only 0. 75 MeV, meaning half of them have less than this insufficient energy ).
However, in nuclear reactors, the fission fragment kinetic energy remains as low-temperature heat, which itself causes little or no ionization.
However, the nuclear force acts only over relatively short ranges ( a few nucleon diameters ), since it follows an exponentially decaying Yukawa potential which makes it insignificant at longer distances.
However, a 1988 article by Brian Martin in Science and Public Policy states that although their paper concluded the effects would be less severe than originally thought, with the authors describing these effects as a " nuclear autumn ", other statements by Thompson and Schneider show that they " resisted the interpretation that this means a rejection of the basic points made about nuclear winter ".
However, U. S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.
However, the numerical sign problem makes it difficult to use lattice methods to study QCD at high density and low temperature ( e. g. nuclear matter or the interior of neutron stars ).
However, the nuclear programme came to a halt after Lal Bahadur Shastri became the prime minister after Nehru's death.
However, nuclear submarines run " open loop "— extracting oxygen from seawater, and typically dumping carbon dioxide overboard, although they recycle existing oxygen.
However some designs such as the Orion project and some nuclear thermal designs do have a thrust to weight ratio in excess of 1, enabling them to lift off.
However, by that time, nuclear power may have largely replaced fossil fuels as a means of energy production.
However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes ; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.
However, radioactivity of this nuclear isomer has never been observed.
However, the action itself focuses on the residents of Lawrence, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as several family farms situated next to nuclear missile silos.

However and reactors
However, modern reactors are only moderately enriched with U-235 relative to U-238, so the U-238 continues to serve as a denaturation agent for any U-235 produced by plutonium decay.
However, following the event, the number of reactors under construction in the U. S. declined every year from 1980 – 1998.
However, with bureaucratic red tape and political obstacles from the North Korea, the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization ( KEDO ), established to advance the implementation of the Agreed Framework, had failed to build the promised light water reactors because the United States failed to uphold their end of the agreement by providing energy aid, and in late 2002, North Korea returned to using its old reactors.
However, to date all known weapons programs have used far more easily built thermal reactors to produce plutonium, and there are some designs such as the SSTAR which avoid proliferation risks by both producing low amounts of plutonium at any given time from the U-238, and by producing three different isotopes of plutonium ( Pu-239, Pu-240, and Pu-242 ) making the plutonium used infeasible for atomic bomb use.
However, the high process heat of the molten salt reactors could be used to make liquid fuels from any carbon source.
However, like all power reactor designs, CANDU reactors produce and use plutonium in their fuel rods during normal operation ( roughly 50 % of the energy generated in a CANDU reactor comes from the in situ fission of plutonium created in the uranium fuel ), and this plutonium could be used in a nuclear explosive if separated and converted to metallic form ( albeit only as reactor-grade plutonium, and therefore of limited military usefulness ).
However, international observers have concluded that no plutonium was diverted from the safeguarded CANDU reactors ( see ).
However in 1974 planning permission was sought for four reactors with County Wexford County Council, with one to be built immediately, most likely of pressurized water reactor design.
However, nuclear reactors can also be used for peaceful, civilian purposes: providing life saving radiopharmaceuticals, and electricity to a city, for example.
However it was not until around 1945, with the advent of nuclear reactors, that high neutron fluxes became possible, leading to the possibility of in-depth structure investigations.
However most current water-cooled and-moderated reactors, when scrammed, can not remove residual production and decay heat without either process heat transfer or the active cooling system.
However, critics point out that Shippingport was smaller than most commercial nuclear power plants ; most reactors in the United States are about 1, 000 MWe, while Shippingport was only 60 MWe.
However, as these reactors began to age, it became clear that a new facility would be needed to continue the production of medical isotopes.
However, on May 16, 2008, AECL released a statement announcing that the MAPLE program had been terminated, as it had become " no longer feasible to complete the commissioning and start-up of the reactors ".
However PWR reactors also require years of powered pumped cooling water.
However, it is inevitable that krypton-85 is released during the reprocessing of fuel rods from nuclear reactors.
However, in spent nuclear fuel that does not quickly undergo nuclear reprocessing but instead is cooled for years after use, much or most of the Pu-241 will beta decay to americium-241, one of the minor actinides, a strong alpha emitter, and difficult to use in thermal reactors.
" However AEC was committed to development of solid-fuel reactors cooled with water and laboratory demonstrations of other reactor types, regardless of their success, did not alter its course.

However and are
However, in recent decades, for what doubtless are multiple reasons, an unannounced but nonetheless readily observable shift has occurred in both facets of national activity.
However, in the context of legal and civic policy, these controversies are less than novel.
However, despite the insight of many of his observations, his own conclusions are open to suspicion because of his failure to employ at all times the correct research methods.
However, there are still several types of calls that necessitate the use of telephone operators.
However, he states unequivocally `` the scandals in business are far less significant than the scandals in labor ''.
However, few are taxed, and the owners and location of most boats are unknown to the assessors on the date of assessment of town valuations.
However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.
However, if their United States income is not subject to the withholding of tax on wages, their returns are due June 15, 1962, if they use a calendar year, or the 15th day of the 6th month after the close of their fiscal year.
However, the aircraft which we have today are tied to large, `` soft '' airfields.
However, some formulas are used more than others.
However, there is also much to be gained by making use of the abilities of the local people who are available and interested in recreation.
However, there are photographs of suspended drops of cyclohexanol phthalate ( viscosity 155 poises ) suspended in corn syrup of 71 poises in a paper by Mason and Bartok.
However, any oxygen nonequivalence would shorten either the already extremely short Af interlayer distance of 2.55 A or the non-hydrogen-bonded Af interlayer interactions which are already quite short at 2.58 Aj.
However, as so many of the records are not certainly based on newborn snakes, these data must be taken tentatively ; ;
However, if these procedures are applied more often, conditioned emotional responses are temporarily abolished.
However, it cannot be presumed, informal though the structure of the population seems, that there are not well-defined roles within the system.
However, the differences in procedure are fundamental.
However, the regionally differentiated results, which appear below in tables, are interesting evidence of the problems of developing self-government under even the most favorable circumstances.
However, if Federal funds are used, it would be entirely appropriate to train workers for jobs which could be obtained elsewhere as well as for jobs in the area of chronic unemployment.
However, it is not known to either the union or the public precisely how much of a cost increase is caused by a given change in the basic wage rate, although the companies are presumed to have reliable estimates of this magnitude.
However, there are relatively few such political constituencies, and, as has been pointed out, there is seldom a clear-cut distinction between the educational interests of one social class and those of another.
However, modesty and triviality are different qualities.
`` However, evidence that the Axis powers are making significant preparations indicative of such an intention is being reported with increasing frequency from a variety of sources.

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