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However and retroviruses
However, many endogenous retroviruses play important roles in host biology, such as control of gene transcription, cell fusion during placental development in the course of the germination of an embryo, and resistance to exogenous retroviral infection.
However, in other retroviruses, the host cell remains intact as the virus buds out of the cell.
However, there are several important differences between retroviruses and viruses from the Caulimoviridae family.

However and function
" However, as Stocking notes, Tylor mainly concerned himself with describing and mapping the distribution of particular elements of culture, rather than with the larger function, and he generally seemed to assume a Victorian idea of progress rather than the idea of non-directional, multilineal cultural development proposed by later anthropologists.
However, Rieux does not function as a first-person narrator.
However, in CL it is necessary to explicitly refer to the function namespace when passing a function as an argument — which is also a common occurrence, as in the example above.
However, alternative analysis suggests that the nominal particles do not function as clitics, but as phrasal affixes.
However, it is known that cortisone impairs memory function by reducing the blood flow in the right parahippocampal gyrus, left visual cortex, and the Cerebellum.
However, some resolvers function more simply by communicating only with a single name server.
However, if there is no " obvious " Euclidean function, then determining whether R is a PID is generally a much easier problem than determining whether it is a Euclidean domain.
However, it took a few more decades until the new regulation was universally accepted and the new court actually began to function ; only in 1512 would the Imperial Circles be finalised.
However, they did not make any conclusions regarding the specific function of DNA as hereditary material, and only said that it must have some undefined role.
However, the expression sin < sup >− 1 </ sup > x usually does not represent the multiplicative inverse to sin x, but the inverse of the sine function applied to x ( actually a partial inverse ; see below ).
However in Stirner's political thinking there can be found a surprising convergence with poststructuralist theory, particularly with regard to the function of power.
However, the latter chip was necessary in order to provide the FERR signal to the mainboard and appear to function as a normal floating point unit.
However, the reason for this correction to the partition function remained obscure until the discovery of quantum mechanics.
However, in the untyped lambda calculus, there's no way to prevent our function from being applied to truth values, or strings, for instance.
However, it can be made invariant by making the inertial mass of an object a function of velocity:
However, its function has evolved from and replaced the macro languages that were originally included in some of these applications.
However, on average and across the most commonly studied variables, acquiring firms ' financial performance does not positively change as a function of their acquisition activity.
However, like methadone, buprenorphine produces similar cognitive dehabilitation in multiple areas of mental function in both memory and timed choice task tests, which may persist after cessation of substitution treatment.
However, none of this research and criticism was originally known to most of the English-language commentators, by function of the dates when they were writing and, to some extent, of the language in which it was written.
However, in the context of topology, sequences do not fully encode all information about a function between topological spaces.
However, in this circuit V < sub >−</ sub > is a function of V < sub > out </ sub > because of the negative feedback through the R < sub > 1 </ sub > R < sub > 2 </ sub > network.
However, the physiological function of the prion protein remains a controversial matter.
However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power.
However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.

However and RNA
However, because eukaryotic DNA has introns, and prokaryotes lack the machinery for removing introns from transcribed RNA, to make this approach work, all intron sequences must be removed from eukaryotic DNA prior to transferring it into the host.
However, different types of introns were identified through the examination of intron structure by DNA sequence analysis, together with genetic and biochemical analysis of RNA splicing reactions.
However, it is now well-established that some introns themselves encode specific proteins or can be further processed after splicing to generate noncoding RNA molecules.
However, the HIV-encoded reverse transcriptase has own ribonuclease activity that degrades the viral RNA during the synthesis of cDNA, as well as DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity that copies the sense cDNA strand into an antisense DNA to form a double-stranded DNA intermediate.
However, it is notable that, in ribosomal RNA, many of the post-transcriptional modifications occur in highly functional regions, such as the peptidyl transferase center and the subunit interface, implying that they are important for normal function.
However, the enzyme discovered by Ochoa ( polynucleotide phosphorylase ) was later shown to be responsible for RNA degradation, not RNA synthesis.
However, the concept of RNA as a primordial molecule is older and can be found in papers by Crick and Orgel, as well as in Woese's 1967 book The Genetic Code.
However RNA is less stable.
However, it is sometimes desirable to sequence RNA molecules.
However, JMJD6 has recently been shown to be a lysyl hydroxylase which modifies an RNA splicing factor producing the ( 5S ) stereoisomer.
However, a handful of other bifunctional RNAs are known to exist ( e. g., steroid receptor activator / SRA ), VegT RNA,
However, there are many other families of phosphodiesterases, including phospholipases C and D, autotaxin, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, DNases, RNases, and restriction endonucleases ( which all break the phosphodiester backbone of DNA or RNA ), as well as numerous less-well-characterized small-molecule phosphodiesterases.
However, not all RNA helicases exhibit helicase activity as defined by enzymatic function, i. e., proteins of the Swi / Snf family.
However, a recent study has shown that σ < sup > 70 </ sup > can remain attached in complex with the core RNA polymerase, at least during early elongation.
However, Primase creates RNA primers at a much lower rate than that at which DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA on the leading strand.
However genomes of most plant viruses consist of single stranded RNA which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cell.
However, phylogeny and shared presence of conserved indels in proteins such as RNA polymerase Beta subunit and lysyl-tRNA synthetase indicate that Verrucomicrobia are the closest free-living relatives of these parasitic organisms.
However, the same study showed a strong correlation between higher temperatures and the GC content of structured RNAs ( such as ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and many other non-coding RNAs ); GC base pairs are more stable than AU base pairs, due to the fact that GC bonds have 3 hydrogen bonds and AU only has 2 hydrogen bonds, which makes high-GC-content RNA structures more tolerant of high temperatures.
However, recently, his research has begun to be seen in a new light in view of independent research with RNA interference, with at least one scientist speculating that McConnell may have been on the right track ( Smallheiser, 2001 ).
However, we are in only the early stages of understanding how these cis-acting structures and sequences interact with the viral replicase and host cell components, and much remains to be done before we understand the precise mechanistic roles of such elements in RNA synthesis.
However, because thymidine is used in DNA but not in RNA ( where uracil is used instead ), inhibition of thymidine synthesis via thymidylate synthase selectively inhibits DNA synthesis over RNA synthesis.

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