However, the possible absence of a center of symmetry not only moves the hydrogen atom off Af, but also allows the oxygen atoms to become nonequivalent, with Af at Af and Af at Af ( space group Af ), where Af represents the oxygens on one side of the Af layers and Af those on the other side.

However, any oxygen nonequivalence would shorten either the already extremely short Af interlayer distance of 2.55 A or the non-hydrogen-bonded Af interlayer interactions which are already quite short at 2.58 Aj.

However, reactive oxygen species also have useful cellular functions, such as redox signaling.

However, unless the airflow is adjusted as well, the flame temperature will decrease because an increased amount of gas is now mixed with the same amount of air, starving the flame of oxygen.

However, iron is the most abundant element ( by mass ) making up the Earth, and oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.

However, it should be noted that because of risks associated with oxygen toxicity, divers tend not to utilize nitrox at greater depths where more pronounced narcosis symptoms are more likely to occur.

However, the singlet form of oxygen is the higher-energy form of the molecule.

However, many of the physical properties of water and ice are controlled by the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

However, the atmosphere was found to be in a stable condition close to its chemical equilibrium, with very little oxygen, methane, or hydrogen, but with an overwhelming abundance of carbon dioxide.

However with the help of the correct atomic weights for copper and oxygen ( which Dalton did not know ), it is determined that the formulas of these two oxides are Cu < sub > 2 </ sub > O and CuO.

However, the exact mass of hydrogen-1 ( the most common hydrogen isotope ) is 1. 00783, and the exact mass of oxygen-16 ( the most common oxygen isotope ) is 15. 9949, so the mass of the most common molecule of water is 18. 01056 u.

However, despite their age, they are pretty vulnerable to terrestrial environment: water, salt, oxygen attack the meteorites as soon they reach the ground.

However, " relatively high ," in the case of ozone, is still very small with regard to ordinary oxygen, and is less than ten parts per million, with the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere being only about 0. 6 parts per million.

However, there are some types of bacteria that carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis, which consumes carbon dioxide but does not release oxygen.

However, nuclear submarines run " open loop "— extracting oxygen from seawater, and typically dumping carbon dioxide overboard, although they recycle existing oxygen.

However, he was one of the first scientists to recognize that the oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere result from biological processes.

However, the hearts of some other arthropods ( including spiders and crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp ) and some other animals pump hemolymph, which contains the copper-based protein hemocyanin as an oxygen transporter similar to the iron-based hemoglobin in red blood cells found in vertebrates.

However, he chose to fix the atomic weight of oxygen as 100, an innovation that did not catch on.

However the chemical convenience of having oxygen as the primary atomic weight standard became ever more evident with advances in analytical chemistry and the need for ever more accurate atomic weight determinations.

However, of most importance is gas exchange via fine unbranched tubes, the tracheae, which draw oxygen from the surface deep into the various organs, particularly the heart.

However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen.

However, the dive has taken too long for Bud to return to the top of the trench before the oxygen in the liquid runs out.

However, in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the term molecule is often used less strictly, also being applied to polyatomic ions.

However, this does not determine the kind of molecule uniquely – dimethyl ether has the same ratios as ethanol, for instance.

However, any given molecule may contain any given combination of isotopes, so there may be multiple molecular masses for each chemical compound.

However, an additional rRNA molecule, the 5S rRNA, is also necessary.

However, the concept of RNA as a primordial molecule is older and can be found in papers by Crick and Orgel, as well as in Woese's 1967 book The Genetic Code.

However, intracerebral neurons seem unable to take up this physically large molecule efficiently even when it is directly by them.

However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency.

However, it should be distinguished from the molecular mass ( also known as molecular weight ), which is the mass of one molecule ( of any single isotopic composition ) and is not directly related to the atomic mass, the mass of one atom ( of any single isotope ).

However, it is simpler to describe the process in terms of chemical potentials: A molecule has a higher chemical potential in a higher-concentration area, and a lower chemical potential in a low concentration area.

However, it was always puzzling that this purportedly highly unsaturated molecule was so unreactive toward addition reactions.

However, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase converts fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, using one water molecule and releasing one phosphate.

However these individual contributors cannot be observed in the actual resonance-stabilized molecule ; the molecule does not oscillate back and forth between the contributing structures, as might be assumed from the word " resonance ".

However, because the proton and the deuteron would be more than 200 times farther apart in the case of the electronic HDO molecule than in the case of the muonic ( p-μ-d )< sup >+</ sup > molecular ion, Jackson estimates that the rate of p-d " electron "- catalyzed fusion ( eCF ) is about 38 orders of magnitude ( 10 < sup > 38 </ sup >) slower than the rate of p-d muon-catalyzed fusion ( μCF ), which Jackson estimates to be about 10 < sup > 6 </ sup > per second, so p-d " electron "- catalyzed fusions ( eCF ) would be expected to occur at a rate of about 10 < sup >- 32 </ sup > per second, meaning that one p-d " electron "- catalyzed fusion ( eCF ) might occur once every 10 < sup > 24 </ sup > years or so .</ ref >

However, only one recombinant DNA molecule can be cloned within a single bacteria cell, so each clone is of just one DNA insert.

However, the viability of a buccal delivery method is called into question due to the low aqueous solubility of the molecule.

However, the molecule has two lone electrons in an orbital, that points towards the fourth apex of the approximate tetrahedron, ( VSEPR ).

However, the bonds are arranged symmetrically so there is no overall dipole in the molecule.

However this process is too slow for efficient function, and hence the GAP for Ras, RasGAP, may bind to and stabilize the catalytic machinery of Ras, supplying additional catalytic residues (" arginine finger ") such that a water molecule is optimally positioned for nucleophilic attack on the gamma-phosphate of GTP.

However, because the molecule is symmetrical, it does not matter which of the oxygens forms the double bond.

However, the aldol reaction is not formally a condensation reaction because it does not involve the loss of a small molecule.

However, as soon as the pH within the endosome drops to about 6. 0, the original folded structure of the HA molecule becomes unstable, causing it to partially unfold and release a very hydrophobic portion of its peptide chain that was previously hidden within the protein.