Husserl became increasingly critical of Heidegger's work, especially in 1929, and included pointed criticism of Heidegger in lectures he gave during 1931.

In his Logical Investigations, Husserl mentions Frege only twice, once in a footnote to point out that he had retracted three pages of his criticism of Frege's The Foundations of Arithmetic, and again to question Frege's use of the word Bedeutung to designate " reference " rather than " meaning " ( sense ).

Yet Adorno's attempts to break out of the sociology of music were, at this time, twice thwarted: neither the study of Mannheim he had been working on for years nor extracts from his study of Husserl were accepted by the Zeitschrift.

Husserl ), he also brackets out issues of meaning.

Merleau-Ponty objects to the ego's transcendence of the world, which for Husserl leaves the world spread out and completely transparent before the conscious.

In 1938, he allowed Herman Van Breda to smuggle the legacy of Edmund Husserl out of Nazi Germany to Belgium through the Belgian Embassy in Berlin.

To bear out further the diversity of sentiment evoked from the notion of intentionality, Husserl followed on Brentano, and gave intentionality more widespread attention, both in continental and analytic philosophy.

In the summer of 1929 Husserl had studied carefully selected writings of Heidegger, coming to the conclusion that on several of their key positions they differed, e. g., Heidegger substituted Dasein for the pure ego, thus transforming phenomenology into an anthropology, a specie of psychologism strongly disfavored by Husserl.

Later, in the first volume of his Logical Investigations, the Prolegomena of Pure Logic, Husserl, while attacking the psychologistic point of view in logic and mathematics, also appears to reject much of his early work, although the forms of psychologism analysed and refuted in the Prolegomena did not apply directly to his Philosophy of Arithmetic.

Furthermore, various sources indicate that Husserl changed his mind about psychologism as early as 1890, a year before he published the Philosophy of Arithmetic.

Husserl stated that by the time he published that book, he had already changed his mind — that he had doubts about psychologism from the very outset.

Reacting against authors such as J. S. Mill, Sigwart and his own former teacher Brentano, Husserl criticised their psychologism in mathematics and logic, i. e. their conception of these abstract and a-priori sciences as having an essentially empirical foundation and a prescriptive or descriptive nature.

Heidegger completed his doctoral thesis on psychologism in 1914 influenced by Neo-Thomism and Neo-Kantianism, and in 1916 finished his venia legendi with a thesis on Duns Scotus influenced by Heinrich Rickert and Edmund Husserl.

Edmund Husserl, in the first volume of his Logical Investigations, called " The Prolegomena of Pure Logic ", criticized psychologism thoroughly and sought to distance himself from it.

Edmund Husserl was an important proponent of anti-psychologism, and this trait passed on to other phenomenologists, such as Martin Heidegger, whose doctoral thesis was meant to be a refutation of psychologism.

Edmund Husserl, in the first volume of his Logical Investigations, called " The Prolegomena of Pure Logic ", criticized psychologism thoroughly and sought to distance himself from it.

This approach was first proposed by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, and later elaborated by other philosophers and scientists.

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (; April 8, 1859, Proßnitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire – April 26, 1938, Freiburg, Germany ) was a philosopher and mathematician and the founder of the 20th century philosophical school of phenomenology.

Although born into a Jewish family, Husserl was baptized as a Lutheran in 1886.

Husserl was born in 1859 in Prostějov (), a town in the Bohemian province of Moravia, that was then in the Austrian Empire, after 1918 in Czechoslovakia, and since 1993 in the Czech Republic.

Husserl was so impressed by Brentano that he decided to dedicate his life to philosophy ; indeed, Franz Brentano is often credited as being his most important influence, e. g., with regard to intentionality.

This work was well received and became the subject of a seminar given by Wilhelm Dilthey ; Husserl in 1905 traveled to Berlin to visit Dilthey.

In 1912 at Freiburg the journal Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Phänomenologische Forschung was founded by Husserl and his school, which published articles of their phenomenological movement from 1913 to 1930.

On March 8, 1916, on the battlefield of Verdun, Wolfgang Husserl was killed in action.

On April 6 Husserl was suspended from the University of Freiburg by the Badische Ministry of Culture ; the following week he was disallowed any university activities.

Husserl was incorrectly rumoured to have been denied the use of the library at Freiburg as a result of the anti-Jewish legislation the Nazis passed in April 1933.

However, among other disabilities Husserl was unable to publish his works in Nazi Germany ; cf., above footnote to Die Krisis ( 1936 ).

It was also rumoured that his former pupil and Nazi Party member, Martin Heidegger, informed Husserl that he was discharged, but it was actually the former rector.

In the war-time 1941 edition of Heidegger's primary work, Being and Time ( first published in 1927 ), the original dedication to Husserl was removed.

The metaphysical problem of establishing the material reality of what we perceive was of little interest to Husserl in spite of his being a transcendental idealist.

Jacob Klein was one student of Husserl who pursued this line of inquiry, seeking to " desedimentize " mathematics and the mathematical sciences.

David Carr of Yale University commented in 1970 on Husserl's following: " It is well known that Husserl was always disappointed at the tendency of his students to go their own way, to embark upon fundamental revisions of phenomenology rather than engage in the communal task " as originally intended by the radical new science.

Heidegger's magnum opus Being and Time was dedicated to Husserl.

He was above all the mediator between Husserl and the students, for he understood extremely well how to deal with other persons, whereas Husserl was pretty much helpless in this respect.

Husserl proposed a radical new phenomenological way of looking at objects by examining how we, in our many ways of being intentionally directed toward them, actually " constitute " them ( to be distinguished from materially creating objects or objects merely being figments of the imagination ); in the Phenomenological standpoint, the object ceases to be something simply " external " and ceases to be seen as providing indicators about what it is, and becomes a grouping of perceptual and functional aspects that imply one another under the idea of a particular object or " type ".

Heidegger, while acknowledging his debt to Husserl, followed a political position offensive and harmful to Husserl after the Nazi regime came to power in 1933, Husserl being of Jewish origin and Heidegger infamously being then a Nazi proponent.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Whereas Heidegger argued that the question of human existence is central to the pursuit of the question of being, Husserl criticized this as reducing phenomenology to " philosophical anthropology " and offering an abstract and incorrect portrait of the human being.

In the previous year she had worked with Martin Heidegger in editing Husserl's papers for publication, Heidegger being appointed similarly as a teaching assistant to Husserl at Freiburg in October 1916.

One of these was the new and increasingly fashionable movement of Structuralism, which was being widely favoured as the successor to the Phenomenology approach, started by Husserl sixty years earlier.

Whereas Husserl conceived humans as having been constituted by states of consciousness, Heidegger countered that consciousness is peripheral to the primacy of one ’ s existence ( i. e., the mode of being of Dasein ), which cannot be reduced to one ’ s consciousness of it.

: For Husserl, the phenomenological reduction is the method of leading phenomenological vision from the natural attitude of the human being whose life is involved in the world of things and persons back to the transcendental life of consciousness and its noetic-noematic experiences, in which objects are constituted as correlates of consciousness.

While for Husserl, in the epochè, being appeared only as a correlate of consciousness, for Heidegger being is the starting point.

Husserl charged Heidegger with raising the question of ontology but failing to answer it, instead switching the topic to the Dasein, the only being for whom Being is an issue.

To clarify, perhaps, by abstract anthropology, as a non-existentialist searching for essences, Husserl rejected the existentialism implicit in Heidegger's distinction between being ( sein ) as things in reality and Being ( Da-sein ) as the encounter with being, as when being becomes present to us, that is, is unconcealed.

In the introduction, Sartre sketches his own theory of consciousness, being, and phenomena through criticism of both earlier phenomenologists ( most notably Husserl and Heidegger ) as well as idealists, rationalists, and empiricists.