Human evolution became central to the debate and was strongly argued by Huxley who featured it in his popular " working-men's lectures ".

* Huxley argued his case many times, even in his most important works.

Modern commentators on the case, such as the author Aldous Huxley, have argued that the accusations began after Grandier refused to become the spiritual director of the convent, unaware that the Mother Superior, Sister Jeanne of the Angels, had become obsessed with him, having seen him from afar and heard of his sexual exploits.

In 1878, James gave a series of lectures at Johns Hopkins University entitled " The Senses and the Brain and their Relation to Thought " in which he argued, contra Thomas Henry Huxley, that consciousness is not epiphenomenal, but must have an evolutionary function, or it would not have been naturally selected in humans.

In the ensuing debate Joseph Hooker argued strongly for Darwin and Thomas Huxley established himself as " Darwin's bulldog " – the fiercest defender of evolutionary theory on the Victorian stage.

In 1870, Thomas Huxley argued that there were four basic racial categories ( Xanthocroic, Mongoloid, Australioid and Negroid ).

In February 1869 Huxley at the Geological Society argued that '" Biology takes her time from geology ... if the geological clock is wrong, all the naturalist will have to do is to modify his notions of the rapidity of change accordingly ".

Some years ago Julian Huxley proposed to an audience made up of members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science that `` man's supernormal or extra-sensory faculties are ( now ) in the same case as were his mathematical faculties during the ice age ''.

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.

Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, film stories and scripts.

Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time in the 1920s at the technologically advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teesside, and the most recent introduction to his famous science fiction novel Brave New World ( 1932 ) states that this experience of " an ordered universe in a world of planless incoherence " was one source for the novel.

Famous people who have studied the Alexander Technique include writers Aldous Huxley, Robertson Davies and Roald Dahl, playwright George Bernard Shaw, actors Judy Dench, Hilary Swank, Ben Kingsley, Michael Caine, Jeremy Irons, John Cleese, Kevin Kline, William Hurt, Jamie Lee Curtis, Paul Newman, Mary Steenburgen, Robin Williams and Patti Lupone, musicians Paul McCartney, Madonna, Yehudi Menuhin and Sting, and Nobel Prize winner for medicine and physiology Nikolaas Tinbergen.

The term clade was introduced in 1958 by Julian Huxley after having been coined by Lucien Cuénot in 1940, cladistic by Cain and Harrison in 1960, and cladist ( for an adherent of Hennig's school ) by Mayr in 1965.

In 1952, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley presented a mathematical model for transmission of electrical signals in neurons of the giant axon of a squid, action potentials, and how they are initiated and propagated, known as the Hodgkin-Huxley model.

Huxley had been interested in spiritual matters and had used alternative therapies for some time.

Huxley had invited his friend, the writer Gerald Heard to participate in the experiment ; although Heard was too busy this time he did join him for a session in November of that year.

Huxley admitted to having changed the fabric as Maria thought he should be better dressed for his readers.

In summary, Huxley writes that the ability to think straight is not reduced while under the influence of mescaline, visual impressions are intensified, and the human experimenter will see no reason for action because the experience is so fascinating.

Finally, Huxley maintains that the person who has this experience will be transformed for the better.

It turned out, for certain temperaments, a seductive book .” For biographer David King Dunaway, The Doors of Perception, along with The Art of Seeing, can be seen as the closest Huxley ever came to autobiographical writing.

Zaehner criticises what he sees as Huxley ’ s apparent call for all religious people to use drugs ( including alcohol ) as part of their practices.

The personality is dissipated into the world, for Huxley on mescaline and people in a manic state, which is similar to the experience of nature mystics.

Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution ; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation.

Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for " extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated " and coining the term " Darwinism " as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science.

Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS ( 4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895 ) was an English biologist ( anatomist ), known as " Darwin's Bulldog " for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

All this time Huxley continued his program of reading, which more than made up for his lack of formal schooling.

No doubt remembering this, and of course knowing his merit, later in life Huxley organized a pension for his old tutor.

Aged 20, Huxley was too young to apply to the Royal College of Surgeons for a licence to practice, yet he was ' deep in debt '.

The Social Darwinists ' view is derived from Charles Darwin's interpretation of evolution by natural selection, which is explicitly competitive (" survival of the fittest "), Malthusian (" struggle for existence "), even gladiatorial (" red in tooth and claw "), and permeated by the Victorian laissez-faire ethos of Darwin and his disciples ( such as T. H. Huxley and Herbert Spencer ).

They shared the composer's taste for hard spirits – especially Aldous Huxley, with whom Stravinsky spoke in French ".

As a Humanist, Dr. Huxley interests himself in the possibilities of human development, and one thing we can say about this suggestion, which comes from a leading zoologist, is that, so far as he is concerned, the scientific outlook places no rigid limitation upon the idea of future human evolution.

The idea that even if the animal were conscious nothing would be added to the production of behavior, even in animals of the human type, was first voiced by La Mettrie ( 1745 ), and then by Cabanis ( 1802 ), and was further explicated by Hodgson ( 1870 ) and Huxley ( 1874 ).

The first debates about the nature of human evolution arose between Thomas Huxley and Richard Owen.

Huxley feels that human affairs are somewhat irrelevant whilst on mescaline and attempts to shed light on this by reflecting on paintings featuring people.

In two years of acrimonious public dispute that Charles Kingsley satirised as the " Great Hippocampus Question " and parodied in The Water-Babies as the " great hippopotamus test ", Huxley showed that Owen was incorrect in asserting that ape brains lacked a structure present in human brains.

In 1861 the hippocampus minor became the centre of a dispute over human evolution between Thomas Henry Huxley and Richard Owen, satirised as the Great Hippocampus Question.

Concerning a public health and racial policy in general, Huxley wrote that "... unless societies invent and enforce adequate measures for regulating human reproduction, for controlling the quantity of population, and at least preventing the deterioration of quality of racial stock, they are doomed to decay ..." and remarked how biology should be the chief tool for rendering social politics scientific.

The idea that even if the animal were conscious nothing would be added to the production of behavior, even in animals of the human type, was first voiced by La Mettrie ( 1745 ), and then by Cabanis ( 1802 ), and was further explicated by Hodgson ( 1870 ) and Huxley ( 1874 ).

Huxley argues that those who have, “ modified their merely human mode of being ,” and have thus been able to comprehend “ more than merely human kind and amount of knowledge ” have also achieved this enlightened state.

Their goal was to explore work in the humanities and sciences, in order to fully realize what Aldous Huxley had called the " human potentialities ".

Blumenbach's work was used by many biologists and comparative anatomists in the nineteenth century who were interested in the origin of races: Wells, Lawrence, Prichard, Huxley and William Flower are good examples of his influence on human biology.

Debates between Thomas Huxley and Richard Owen focused on the idea of human evolution.

He supported Thomas Henry Huxley in an important controversy with Richard Owen about the human brain, and eventually succeeded Owen as Director of the Natural History Museum.

The two giant contributions in this field are the novel Brave New World ( 1932 ) by Aldous Huxley, which describes a society where control of human biology by the state results in permanent social stratification.

Other writers contemporaneous to Dunne who expressed enthusiasm for his ideas included Aldous Huxley, who was also interested in the expansion of human consciousness to experience time, and Adolfo Bioy Casares, who mentioned this book in the introduction to his novel The Dream of Heroes ( 1954 ).

Like the outlook of his friend Aldous Huxley ( another in this circle ), the essence of Heard ’ s mature outlook was that a human being can effectively pursue intentional evolution of consciousness.

This backfired, as Huxley had already delighted Darwin by speculating on " pithecoid man " – ape-like man, and was glad of the invitation to publicly turn the anatomy of brain structure into a question of human ancestry.

:" Painfully absent from these pages are Huxley ’ s mordant wit and insights into human nature.

Huxley compares these remains with existing human races.

Interpreted as an attempt to defend his original decision, Owen's point on brain size was answered by Huxley in Man's Place ( excerpt above ), and repeated when he wrote a section comparing ape and human brains for the second edition of Darwin's Descent of Man: