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IA-32 and Intel
In this market, the Intel IA-32 architecture dominates, with its rivals PowerPC and SPARC maintaining much smaller customer bases.
The IA-32 instruction set was introduced in the Intel 80386 microprocessor in 1986 and remains the basis of most PC microprocessors over twenty years later.
Intel Corporation is the inventor and the biggest supplier of IA-32 processors.
, both Intel and AMD have moved to x86-64, but still produce IA-32 processors such as Intel Atom ( N2xx and Z5xx series ) and Geode.
In the Intel 80386 and later IA-32 processors, the segments reside in a 32-bit linear, paged address space.
It is supported on most subsequent IA-32 processors by Intel and other vendors.
* ESP register, Extended stack pointer in Intel IA-32 ( x86 / 32-bit ) assembler
NeXT's implementation was called OPENSTEP for Mach and its first release ( 4. 0 ) superseded Nextstep 3. 3 on NeXT, Sun and Intel IA-32 systems.
MMX is a processor supplementary capability that is supported on recent IA-32 processors by Intel and other vendors.
Prominent 32-bit instruction set architectures include the IBM System / 360 and its 32-bit successors, the DEC VAX, the Motorola 68k, the ARM architecture, the Intel IA-32, and the 32-bit versions of the SPARC, MIPS, PowerPC, and PA-RISC architectures.
For more information about segmentation, see the IA-32 manuals freely available on the AMD or Intel websites.
* Home of the IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual
* Intel Corporation has developed and implemented an IA-32 Execution Layer-a dynamic binary translator designed to support IA-32 applications on Itanium-based systems, which was included in Microsoft Windows server OS for Itanium architecture, as well as in several flavors of Linux, including Red Hat and Suse.
* IA-32, Intel Architecture, 32-bit
Versions are currently available for Intel IA-32 single and multi-processor systems and for the StrongARM CPU family.
DEC developed and maintained BLISS compilers for the PDP-10, PDP-11, DEC Alpha, DEC PRISM, Intel IA-32, Intel IA-64, and VAX, and used it heavily in-house into the 1980s ; most of the utility programs for the VMS operating system were written in BLISS-32.
SSE3, Streaming SIMD Extensions 3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions ( PNI ), is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 ( x86 ) architecture.
The cycle starts immediately when power is applied to the system using an initial PC value that is predefined for the system architecture ( in Intel IA-32 CPUs, for instance, the predefined PC value is ).
More information on the Intel APIC Architecture can be found in the Intel 64 and IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer ’ s Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1, Chapter 10, freely available on the Intel website.

IA-32 and Architecture
* IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer ’ s Manual Volume 3A: System Programming Guide.
More information on the Intel APIC can be found in the IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1, Chapter 10, freely available on the Intel website.
* IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual, Volume 3A
More information on the Intel 8259 PIC and its IRQ lines can be found in the IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer ’ s Manual, Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part 1, freely available on the Intel website.

IA-32 and 32-bit
As the original implementation of the 32-bit extension of the 8086 architecture, the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors, this is termed x86, IA-32, or i386-architecture, depending on context.
It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit ( IA-32 ) and 64-bit ( x86-64 ) programs.
x86-64 is an extension of the IA-32 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set.
On the latter set of platforms, and on GNU / Linux on the IA-32 ( x86 ) architecture, GT. M is a 32-bit application ; on all others, it is a 64-bit application.
The PowerPC ( or ppc ) and IA-32 ( or Intel x86, 32-bit ) instruction set architectures are supported by Jikes RVM.

IA-32 and ),
Thirty-two 128-bit vector registers are provided, compared to eight for SSE and SSE2 ( extended to 16 in x86-64 ), and most AltiVec instructions take three register operands compared to only two register / register or register / memory operands on IA-32.
Most computing platforms and microprocessor instruction set architectures are also supported, like x86 ( IA-32 and x86-64 ), PPC ( PowerPC ), ARM, DEC Alpha, SPARC, and MIPS.
Those that PaX is effective on include IA-32 ( x86 ), AMD64, IA-64, Alpha, PA-RISC, and 32 and 64 bit MIPS, PowerPC, and SPARC architectures.
In this case, the memory management unit alerts the operating system ; on IA-32, the MMU typically has separate TLB caches for execution ( ITLB ) and read / write ( DTLB ), so this fault also allows Linux and PaX to determine whether the program was trying to execute the page as code.
It runs well on what ( by Intel Atom standards ) are relatively underpowered OpenGL 1. 3 ( with GLSL support ), OpenGL ES 2. 0 or Direct3D ( DirectX ) 9. 0 capable systems that are IA-32 / x86, x86-64, ARM, or PowerPC G4 or later CPU based.
On GNU / Linux on x86-64 & IA-32 ( x86 ), and on OpenVMS on Alpha / AXP, GT. M is released as Free / Open Source Software ( FOSS ) under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3.
On some architectures ( IA-32 included ), integer division of INT_MIN ( the most negative representable integer value ) by − 1 triggers the signal because the quotient, a positive number, is not representable.

IA-32 and known
A universal binary is, in Apple parlance, an executable file or application bundle that runs natively on either PowerPC or Intel-manufactured IA-32 or Intel 64-based Macintosh computers ; it is an implementation of the concept more generally known as a fat binary.

IA-32 and i386
Within various programming language directives, IA-32 is still sometimes referred to as the " i386 " architecture.

IA-32 and x86
Itanium failed to make significant inroads against IA-32 or RISC, and then suffered from the successful introduction of x86-64 based systems into the high-end server market, systems which were more compatible with the older x86 applications.
While similar technologies existed ( Wabi for Solaris and Linux, FX! 32 for Alpha and IA-32 EL for Itanium, open-source DAISY, the Mac 68K emulator for the PowerPC ) in the 1990s, the Transmeta approach has set a much higher bar for compatibility — able to execute all x86 instructions from initial boot up to the latest multimedia instructions — while retaining most of its core performance.
* Eliminates the hardware-based x86 instruction emulation circuity, in favor of the more efficient software-based IA-32 Execution Layer.
* Emulation: NX approximation using the code segment limit on IA-32 ( x86 ) and compatible
* Emulation: IA-32 ( x86 )
* Emulation: IA-32 ( x86 )
SEGMEXEC emulates the functionality of an NX bit on IA-32 ( x86 ) CPUs by splitting the address space in half and mirroring the code mappings across the address space.
Despite this, it does increase performance if emulation must be done on IA-32 ( x86 ) architectures.
* GNU / Linux on IBM System z, Itanium, x86_64 and IA-32 ( x86 ) architectures
The code base for GT. M on GNU / Linux on IA-32 ( x86 ) includes changes needed to run on Cygwin on Microsoft Windows but this is not yet considered a supported platform.

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