Mature versions of the Commodore, SWTPC, Atari and Apple home computer systems all featured a disk operating system ( actually called ' DOS ' in the case of the Commodore 64 ( CBM DOS ), Atari 800 ( Atari DOS ), and Apple II machines ( Apple DOS )), as did ( at the other end of the hardware spectrum, and much earlier ) IBM's System / 360, 370 and ( later ) 390 series of mainframes ( e. g., DOS / 360: Disk Operating System / 360 and DOS / VSE: Disk Operating System / Virtual Storage Extended ).

For example, one of IBM's FORTRAN compilers ( H Extended IUP ) had a level of optimization which reordered the machine code instructions to keep multiple internal arithmetic units busy simultaneously.

VGA was officially followed by IBM's Extended Graphics Array ( XGA ) standard, but it was effectively superseded by numerous slightly different extensions to VGA made by clone manufacturers that came to be known collectively as Super VGA.

This originates from the confusion with NetBIOS Extended User Interface, an extension to the NetBIOS API that was originally developed in conjunction with the NBF protocol ; both the protocol and the NetBEUI emulator were originally developed to allow NetBIOS programs to run over IBM's new token ring network.

The expression ' time sharing ' was usually used to designate computers shared by interactive users at terminals, such as IBM's TSO, and VM / CMS

Software upgrades usually require setting up the operating system or portions thereof, and are non-disruptive only when using virtualizing facilities such as IBM's Z / OS and Parallel Sysplex, or Unisys ' XPCL, which support workload sharing so that one system can take over another's application while it is being refreshed.

IBM's quarterly and annual reports in the 2000s usually reported increasing mainframe revenues and capacity shipments.

At that time most network equipment came from computer manufacturers and usually used only protocols compatible with that one manufacturer's computer systems, such as IBM's SNA or DEC's DECNet.

Trouble usually arises in areas such as EJBs ( especially with IBM's WebSphere product which requires the use of one of their IDEs to generate some binary files ).

EBCDIC descended from the code used with punched cards and the corresponding six bit binary-coded decimal code used with most of IBM's computer peripherals of the late 1950s and early 1960s.

* ICU Converter Explorer Contains more information about EBCDIC derived from IBM's CDRA, including DBCS EBCDIC ( Double Byte Character Set EBCDIC )

The IBM origin of the numbering scheme is reflected in the fact that the smallest ( first ) numbers are assigned to variations of IBM's EBCDIC encoding and slightly larger numbers refer to variations of IBM's extended ASCII encoding as used in its PC hardware.

Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. ( born April 19, 1931 ) is a software engineer and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System / 360 family of computers and the OS / 360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month.

Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.

It was developed by IBM, but is unrelated to IBM's other mainframe operating systems, e. g., VSE, VM.

IBM's involvement was much more successful in redefining Windows ' visual appearance after the 1. 0 release, giving it what is today perceived as the " Windows 3. 0 look ".

While there are other industrial-strength transaction processing systems, notably IBM's own CICS and IMS, TPF's raison d ' être is extreme volume, large numbers of concurrent users and very fast response times, for example VISA credit card transaction processing during the peak holiday shopping season.

IBM's 3xxx formats are designed to keep the tape moving irrespective of the data buffer-segments are written when data is available, but gaps are written when buffers run empty.

In IBM's operating systems for System / 370 and successor systems, the term is " fixed ", and pages may be long-term fixed, or may be short-term fixed.

Since z / VSE 3. 1, Fibre Channel access to storage devices is supported, although only on IBM's Enterprise Storage Server ( ESS ) and its successors.

IBM's standard support period for each z / OS release is three years, so, combined with z / OS's uniquely rigorous coexistence and fallback commitments, IBM's customers routinely maintain z / OS release currency ( or near-currency ) with few or zero service interruptions and without paying extended support fees.

The IBM System i is IBM's previous generation of midrange computer systems for IBM i users, and was subsequently replaced by the IBM Power Systems in April 2008.

ADCCP is based on the IBM's SDLC protocol.

ADCCP is an ANSI standard, X3. 66, derived from IBM's Synchronous Data Link Control ( SDLC ) protocol, and is functionally equivalent to the ISO High-Level Data Link Control ( HDLC ) standard.

IBM Informix is a product family within IBM's Information Management division that is centered on several relational database management system ( RDBMS ) offerings.

Informix is often compared to IBM's other major database product, DB2, which is offered on the mainframe Z series platform as well as on Unix and Linux.

As part of IBM's Academic Initiative, IBM is offering Informix software, documentation and training to higher education institutions worldwide through its new Informix on Campus program.

AltiVec is a floating point and integer SIMD instruction set designed and owned by Apple, IBM and Freescale Semiconductor, formerly the Semiconductor Products Sector of Motorola, ( the AIM alliance ), and implemented on versions of the PowerPC including Motorola's G4, IBM's G5 and POWER6 processors, and P. A.

The decreasing cost of display equipment and processors made it practical to provide graphical user interfaces for many operating systems, such as the generic X Window System that is provided with many Unix systems, or other graphical systems such as Microsoft Windows, the RadioShack Color Computer's OS-9 Level II / MultiVue, Commodore's AmigaOS, Apple's Mac OS, or even IBM's OS / 2.

Although not the first PC video card to support hardware acceleration, IBM's 8514 is often credited as the first PC mass-market fixed-function accelerator.

The bracket notation "" was introduced a few years later in IBM's PL / I definition but is now universally recognised.

It met IBM's main criteria: it looked like CP / M, and it was easy to adapt existing 8-bit CP / M programs to run under it, notably thanks to the TRANS command which would translate source files from 8080 to 8086 machine instructions.

It was designed to operate a text printer that used IBM's 8-bit extended ASCII character set.

The widespread use of the Kamenický encoding was undermined neither by IBM's code page 852, nor by the Windows 3. 1 introducing Microsoft Central Europe code page 1250.

Some Netfinity servers used IBM's C2T cabling scheme for Keyboard / Video / Mouse.

Many xSeries servers used IBM's C2T cabling scheme for Keyboard / Video / Mouse.

CUA was more than just an attempt to rationalise DOS applications — it was part of a larger scheme to bring together, rationalise and harmonise the overall functions of software and hardware across IBM's entire computing range from microcomputers to mainframes.

IBM's president, Lou Gerstner, urged them to adopt Immink ’ s EFMPlus coding scheme as EFM has a proven record.

AIX / 370 was IBM's third attempt to offer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line, specifically the System / 370 ( the prior versions were a TSS / 370 based Unix system developed jointly with AT & T c. 1980, and VM / IX a VM / 370 based system developed jointly with Interactive Systems Corporation c. 1984 ).

The IBM 3270 display terminal subsystem was designed and developed by IBM's Kingston, NY, laboratory ( which later closed during IBM's difficult time in the mid-1990s ).

SGML descended from IBM's Generalized Markup Language ( GML ), which Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie developed in the 1960s.

Watson developed IBM's distinctive management style and corporate culture, and turned the company into a highly-effective selling organization, based largely around punched card tabulating machines.

Although announced in 1988, the AS / 400 remains IBM's most recent major architectural shift that was developed wholly internally.

IBM's MCA bus, developed for the PS / 2 in 1987, was a competitor to ISA, also their design, but fell out of favor due to the ISA's industry-wide acceptance and IBM's closed licensing of MCA.

In 1972 a team at Diablo Systems led by engineer David S. Lee developed the first commercially successful daisy wheel printer, a device that was faster and more flexible than IBM's golf-ball devices, being capable of 30 cps ( characters per second ), whereas IBM's Selectric operated at 13. 4 cps.

During its first year, IBM persuaded Taligent to replace its internally developed object-oriented microkernel, called Opus, with the microkernel that IBM was using as the base for IBM's Workplace OS.

* CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP / CMS operating system, which went into production use in 1967.

CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP / CMS operating system.

Standard transaction-processing software, notably IBM's Information Management System, was first developed in the 1960s, and was often closely coupled to particular database management systems.

MAPICS, the Manufacturing and Planning Integrated Control System, was a popular S / 34 application, as were CMAS and DMAS II, all developed at IBM's offices in Menlo Park.

* Hermes ( programming language ), a distributed programming language developed at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center from 1986 through 1992

CP-67 was the control program portion of CP / CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed for the IBM System / 360-67 by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center.

* the hierarchical data management technique, implemented in IBM's IMS data management system, developed by Dr R. R. Brown ( Rockwell International );

For example, the SQL: 1999 standard includes recursive queries, and the Magic Sets algorithm ( initially developed for the faster evaluation of Datalog queries ) is implemented in IBM's DB2.

A fully compliant PL / S compiler was developed by Fujitsu Ltd in the late-1970s, using IBM's PL / I Optimizer compiler source code as a starting point.