These machines established IBM's dominance in electronic data processing.

He went on to draw distinction between the " mainframes " at the high end of IBM's line (" just as Detroit would rather sell large cars ... so IBM would rather sell mainframes ")— in which IBM had a virtual monopoly — with the " mid-sized systems " in which IBM had not achieved dominance: " The minicomputer market is still healthy.

The Aptiva never managed to recapture IBM's early 1980s PC dominance from Compaq, Dell, or HP.

Both the previous chairman Thomas Watson, Jr. and senior project manager Fred Brooks regarded Learson as the driving force behind the System / 360 project, which was huge and risky but whose success ensured IBM's dominance of the mainframe computer market.

The company originally challenged IBM's dominance in tape storage, and expanded to compete in the printer business for more than a dozen years.

The subsequent refocusing on the IT services business ( which grew to nearly 50 % of the IBM's revenues ), the embrace of the Internet as a business phenomenon, and a broad effort to revive the company's culture are widely seen as having resulted in one of the most remarkable turnarounds in business history.

The company grew in part by acquisitions such as Sonitech International in 1997, part of IBM's Open Computing Platform unit and Texas Micro in 1999, all of S-Link in 2001, and Microware also in 2001.

" In January, Jobs announced that they would instead be supporting IBM's Token Ring, which he expected to come out in a " few months ".

IBM's MCA bus, developed for the PS / 2 in 1987, was a competitor to ISA, also their design, but fell out of favor due to the ISA's industry-wide acceptance and IBM's closed licensing of MCA.

While the mass employee defections that IBM feared did not materialize, many long-time Lotus employees did complain about the transition to IBM's culture ( IBM's employee benefits programs, in particular, were singled out as inferior to Lotus's very progressive programs ).

An alternative view of IBM's actions, born out of the belief that corporations maintain consistent strategies over the short and medium term despite executive changes, is that IBM acquired Sequent not to nurture it but simply to keep it out of Sun's clutches.

However, in a series of disputed and bitter battles, time-sharing lost out to batch processing through IBM political infighting, and VM remained IBM's " other " mainframe operating system for decades, losing to MVS.

GBS accounts for around 19 % of IBM's revenue globally ($ 20B in revenue in 2011 out of $ 107B for IBM overall ).

GTS accounts for around 39 % of IBM's revenue globally ($ 42B in revenue in 2011 out of $ 107B for IBM overall ), the highest revenue of the 5 segments of IBM.

In 1994 Apple Computer introduced Macintosh computers using these PowerPC CPUs, but IBM's intention to produce its own desktop computers using these processors was thwarted by delays in Windows NT and a falling out with Microsoft.

AIX / 370 was IBM's third attempt to offer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line, specifically the System / 370 ( the prior versions were a TSS / 370 based Unix system developed jointly with AT & T c. 1980, and VM / IX a VM / 370 based system developed jointly with Interactive Systems Corporation c. 1984 ).

Phoenix Technologies would shortly follow their lead, but soon " clone BIOSes " were available from many other companies who reverse engineered IBM's design, then sold their version to the PC clone manufacturers.

Portability was a problem in the early days because there was no agreed standard — not even IBM's reference manual — and computer companies vied to differentiate their offerings from others by providing incompatible features.

The agreement with Intel limited their use to IBM's own line of computers and upgrade boards only, so they were not available on the open market.

( Other implementers did not endorse the " multiprogramming " features since their operating systems differed from IBM's in this area.

Digital Equipment Corporation, at the time one of IBM's main competitors, exploited this weakness with their wide ranging VAX product line based on a single architecture, and actively promoted the compatibility between all machines in the family.

After IBM's competitor Control Data Corporation ( CDC ) released their computer, IBM announced they planned to sell a more advanced computer soon — its System / 360 Model 91.

In 1995, Lotus had over 4, 000 employees worldwide and IBM's acquisition of Lotus was greeted with apprehension by many Lotus employees, who feared that the corporate culture of " Big Blue " would smother their creativity.

Although the ultimate expression of software-hardware co-evolution is the IBM mainframe, to some extent that phenomenon occurs on other platforms as well, as IBM's software engineers collaborate with their hardware counterparts.

The chips were widely criticized in product reviews for not offering the performance suggested by their names, and for the confusion caused by their naming similarity with Intel's SL line and IBM's SLC line of CPUs, neither of which was related to Cyrix's SLC.

Like the different varieties of SQL, the Embedded SQL's that used them varied widely, not only from platform to platform, but even across languages on a single platform-a system that allowed calls into IBM's DB2 would look entirely different than one that called into their own SQL / DS.

This was a significant threat to IBM's business, and they quickly started a project of their own to take back the performance crown from CDC.

IBM's current assignments are listed in their CCSID repository.

Celestica's Toronto headquarters were originally the location of IBM's Toronto sales and support offices, which also supported a small manufacturing unit which built metal boxes for their mainframe computers and associated support systems.

The staff were motivated to write their own system software for the IBM installation as a result of their dissatisfaction with IBM's own interactive command interpreter TSO.

One well-known example is IBM's System / 360 mainframes and their descendants, including the System z9 series.

BDAM programming was not easy and most customers never used it themselves ; but it was the fastest way to access data on disks and many software companies used it in their products, especially database management systems such as ADABAS, IDMS and IBM's DL / I.

On June 6, 2005, Apple's ( then ) CEO, Steve Jobs, announced that Apple would begin switching their computers ' architectures from IBM's PowerPC to Intel's x86 platform.

Both the hard disk drive ( HDD ) and floppy disk drive ( FDD ) were invented by IBM and as such IBM's employees were responsible for many of the innovations in these products and their technologies.

2010: Dassault Systèmes acquires Exalead Inc. On the same year, it also acquires IBM's sales and support force ( all support contracts and around 700 employees ) for PLM ( Product Lifecycle Management ) software business

The SCC cost about $ 5 more than a UART, but offered much higher speeds up to 250 kbit / s ( or higher with additional hardware ) and internally supported a number of basic networking-like protocols like IBM's Bisync.

Most of IBM's early binary " scientific " computers, beginning with the vacuum tube IBM 701 in 1952, used a single 36-bit accumulator, along with a separate multiplier / quotient register to handle operations with longer results.

TWA canceled the project in 1970, acquiring one IBM System / 360 Model 75, two IBM System / 360 model 65s, and IBM's PARS software for its reservations system.

The expression ' time sharing ' was usually used to designate computers shared by interactive users at terminals, such as IBM's TSO, and VM / CMS

Mature versions of the Commodore, SWTPC, Atari and Apple home computer systems all featured a disk operating system ( actually called ' DOS ' in the case of the Commodore 64 ( CBM DOS ), Atari 800 ( Atari DOS ), and Apple II machines ( Apple DOS )), as did ( at the other end of the hardware spectrum, and much earlier ) IBM's System / 360, 370 and ( later ) 390 series of mainframes ( e. g., DOS / 360: Disk Operating System / 360 and DOS / VSE: Disk Operating System / Virtual Storage Extended ).

In large machines there were other disk operating systems, such as IBM's VM, DEC's RSTS / RT-11 / VMS / TOPS-10 / TWENEX, MIT's ITS / CTSS, Control Data's assorted NOS variants, Harris's Vulcan, Bell Labs ' Unix, and so on.

It was announced in September 1988 by a consortium of PC clone vendors ( the " Gang of Nine ") as a counter to IBM's use of its proprietary Micro Channel architecture ( MCA ) in its PS / 2 series.

EISA extends the AT bus, which the Gang of Nine retroactively renamed to the ISA bus to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer, to 32 bits and allows more than one CPU to share the bus.

Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. ( born April 19, 1931 ) is a software engineer and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System / 360 family of computers and the OS / 360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month.

Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.