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IBM and approached
IBM originally approached Digital Research, seeking an x86 version of CP / M.
In 1981, Artwick was approached by Microsoft's Alan M. Boyd who was interested in creating a ' definitive game ' that would graphically demonstrate the difference between older 8-bit computers such as the Apple II and the new 16-bit computers such as the IBM PC still in development.

IBM and Digital
Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM.
The same limitations affected Digital Research's FlexOS 286 version 1. 0, a derivation of Concurrent DOS 286, developed in 1986, introduced in January 1987, and later adopted by IBM for their IBM 4690 OS.
Architectures with instruction sets implemented by complex microprograms included the IBM System / 360 and Digital Equipment Corporation VAX.
RCA was one of several major computer companies ( see also: Computing ) that also included IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, NCR and Sperry Rand through most of the 1960s.
Project Athena ( a joint project between Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ), MIT and IBM to provide easy access to computing resources for all students ) needed a platform-independent graphics system to link together its heterogeneous multiple-vendor systems ; the window system then under development in Carnegie Mellon University's Andrew Project did not make licenses available, and no alternatives existed.
Their commercial development came in work by Burroughs ( later Unisys ), Convex Computer ( later Hewlett-Packard ), Honeywell Information Systems Italy ( HISI ) ( later Groupe Bull ), Silicon Graphics ( later Silicon Graphics International ), Sequent Computer Systems ( later IBM ), Data General ( later EMC ) and Digital ( later Compaq, now HP ) during the 1990s.
It initially ran on workstations from Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computers, but later ported its software to workstations made by Digital Equipment Corporation, HP, IBM and SGI, and later still, to the Apple Macintosh II and the IBM Personal Computer.
At the same time, many manufacturers such as Xerox, Hewlett-Packard, Digital Equipment Corporation, Sanyo, Texas Instruments, Tulip, Wang and Olivetti introduced personal computers that were MS DOS compatible, but not completely software-or hardware-compatible with the IBM PC.
Servers use those processors and other readily available non-x86 processor choices, including the Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC, Fujitsu SPARC64 III and later, SGI MIPS, Intel Itanium, Hewlett Packard PA-RISC, Hewlett-Packard ( merged with Compaq which acquired first Digital Equipment Corporation ) DEC Alpha, IBM POWER and Apple Computer PowerPC ( specifically G4 and G5 series, as well as earlier PowerPC 604 and 604e series ) processors.
NFS and ONC figured prominently in the network-computing war between Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computer, and later the UNIX wars ( ca 1987-1996 ) between AT & T and Sun on one side, and Digital Equipment, HP, and IBM on the other.
This caused many of AT & T's other licensees of UNIX System V to become concerned that this would put Sun in an advantaged position, and it ultimately led to Digital Equipment, HP, IBM, and others forming the Open Software Foundation ( OSF ) in 1988.
Ironically, Sun and AT & T had previously competed over Sun's NFS versus AT & T's Remote File System ( RFS ), and the quick adoption of NFS over RFS by Digital Equipment, HP, IBM, and many other computer vendors tipped the majority of users in favor of NFS.
* Applications and installations of the IBM 704 Data Processing System – From A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems, Report No. 1115, March 1961, by Martin H. Weik.
Later Digital ported it to Ultrix, as well as Apple Macintosh and IBM PC running variants of DOS and Microsoft Windows under the name DEC Pathworks, allowing these systems to connect to DECnet networks of VAX machines as terminal nodes.
MetaComCo's first product was an MBASIC compatible interpreter for IBM PC's, which was licensed by Peter Mackeonis to Digital Research in 1982, and issued as the Digital Research Personal Basic, or PBASIC, running under CP / M.
Digital Research developed CP / M-86 as an alternative to MS-DOS and it was made available through IBM in early 1982.
IBM chose to use it, acquiring adapter cards for the PC / XT from Xebec and for the PC / AT from Western Digital.
In 1990, Microsoft had two competitors in its core market ( Digital Research and IBM ), Intel had none.
* IBM 7090 Music From Mathematics recorded in 1960 by Bell Labs, using the " Digital to Sound Transducer " to realize several traditional and original compositions ; this album contains the original Daisy ( Bicycle Built for Two ).

IBM and Research
This was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research ( the IBM 801 ).
* Allen, Frances E., " A History of Language Processor Technology in IBM ", IBM Journal of Research and Development, v. 25, no. 5, September 1981.
* Lockhead and Klemmer, An Evaluation of an 8-Key Word-Writing Typewriter, IBM Research Report RC-180, IBM Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, Nov 1959.
The first ( retroactively ) RISC-labeled processor ( IBM 801-IBMs Watson Research Center, mid-1970s ) was a tightly pipelined simple machine originally intended to be used as an internal microcode kernel, or engine, in CISC designs, but also became the processor that introduced the RISC idea to a somewhat larger public.
In the 1990s, as IBM's own PC division declined, Compaq faced other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers like Dell Computer, Packard Bell, AST Research, and Gateway 2000.
Database research has taken place at research and development groups of companies ( e. g., notably at IBM Research, who contributed technologies and ideas virtually to any DBMS existing today ), research institutes, and academia.
IBM Research Labs also developed an extended FORTRAN-based language called " VECTRAN "
* Nanotube FETs at IBM Research
Jay Elinsky and Oleg Vishnepolsky of IBM Research wrote TCP / IP stacks for VM / CMS and OS / 2, respectively.
* 2011 Gérard Cornuéjols, IBM University Professor of Operations Research at Carnegie Mellon University ’ s Tepper School of Business
In 1975, Goldfarb moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Silicon Valley and became a product planner at the IBM Almaden Research Center.
Buckland suggests that Bush and his team may not have been aware of Goldberg's earlier work when they built their 1938-1940 prototype, but that IBM researchers and Bush's Eastman Kodak Research Laboratory sponsor certainly were.
The scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level, was developed in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.
Many of the notable early successes occurred in the field of machine translation, due especially to work at IBM Research, where successively more complicated statistical models were developed.
He heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the IBM Research Journal provided
* STM Image Gallery at IBM Almaden Research Center
Model based crawling of Rich Internet Applications-Software Security Research Group-University of Ottawa and IBM Research Labs

IBM and 1980
Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.
In 1980, after promising to deliver IBM a Disk Operating System ( DOS ) they had not yet developed for the Intel 8088-based IBM PC, Allen spearheaded a deal for Microsoft to purchase a Quick and Dirty Operating System ( QDOS ) written by Tim Paterson who, at the time, was employed at Seattle Computer Products.
Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design which began in 1975 by John Cocke, and completed in 1980.
IBM decided in 1980 to market a low-cost single-user computer as quickly as possible in response to Apple Computer's success in the burgeoning microcomputer market.
Daisy wheel printers from Diablo and Lee's 1973 company Qume were the dominant high-end output technology for computer and office automation applications by 1980, though high speed non-impact techniques were already entering the market ( e. g. IBM 6640 inkjet, Xerox 2700 and IBM 6670 laser ).
IBM also became a customer in the mid 1980 ’ s and deployed CATIA in its engineering and manufacturing plants.
IBM first contacted Microsoft to look the company over in July 1980.
In 1980, subLOGIC released a version for the TRS-80, and in 1982 they licensed an IBM PC version with CGA graphics to Microsoft which was released as Microsoft Flight Simulator 1. 00.
In October 1980, IBM was developing what would become the original IBM Personal Computer.
dBase was originally published by Ashton-Tate for CP / M in 1980, and later on ported to the Apple II and IBM PC under DOS.
Until early 1980, the format had no " official " name ; however, the LaserVision Association, made up of MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips / Magnavox, was formed to standardize the technical specifications of the format ( which had been causing problems for the consumer market ) and finally named the system officially as " LaserVision ".
In 1980, Iverson left IBM for I. P. Sharp Associates, a leading Canadian APL timesharing company, where he, among other things, participated in the further development of the APL programming language.
In 1980 Bradley was one of twelve engineers developing the first IBM Personal Computer.
In 1980, IBM executives failed to heed Ben Riggins ' strong suggestions that IBM should provide their own EBCDIC-based operating system and integrated-circuit microprocessor chip for use in the IBM Personal Computer as a CICS intelligent terminal ( instead of the incompatible Intel chip, and immature ASCII-based Microsoft 1980 DOS ).
Further use for his discoveries was realised by researchers at IBM who, by 1980, had assembled an experimental computer switch structure, which would permit switching speeds from 10 to 100 times faster than those possible with conventional silicon-based chips, vastly increasing data processing capabilities.

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