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IBM and maintains
OS / 2 still maintains a small and dedicated community of followers, but overall, OS / 2 failed to catch on in the mass market and is little used outside certain niches where IBM traditionally had a stronghold.
Application programmers can still use any addressing mode: all applications, regardless of their addressing mode ( s ), can coexist without modification, and IBM maintains an unwavering commitment to tri-modal backward compatibility.
* Leadership Computing — Argonne maintains one of the fastest computers for open science, the IBM Blue Gene / P supercomputer, and has developed system software for these massive machines.
IBM maintains a list of official acronyms, and this usage does not appear on its list, but only Unformatted System Services
The Deep Blue computer is now defunct but IBM still maintains the website for it and the associated famous match at www. research. ibm. com / deepblue.

IBM and their
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version 3 ( also known as AIX / 6000 ), based on System V Release 3, for their IBM POWER-based RS / 6000 platform.
During the early 1960s, while also active in ASCII standardization, IBM simultaneously introduced in its product line of System / 360 the 8-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ), an expansion of their 6-bit binary-coded decimal ( BCDIC ) representation used in earlier card punches.
A few years later, in 1981, IBM introduced the first DOS based IBM PC, and due to the overwhelming popularity of PCs and their clones, DOS soon became the operating system on which the majority of BBS programs were run.
In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral cards, such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters, carried their own BIOS extension Option ROM, which provided additional functionality.
" By 1972 when GE and RCA were no longer in the mainframe business, the remaining five companies behind IBM became known as the BUNCH, an acronym based on their initials.
The original System / 360 models of IBM mainframe had read-only control store, but later System / 360, System / 370 and successor models loaded part or all of their microprograms from floppy disks or other DASD into a writable control store consisting of ultra-high speed random-access read-write memory.
IBM introduced these on the IBM 709 in 1958, and they became a common feature of their platforms.
The first highly ( or tightly ) pipelined x86 implementations, the 486 designs from Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and IBM, supported every instruction that their predecessors did, but achieved maximum efficiency only on a fairly simple x86 subset that was only a little more than a typical RISC instruction set ( i. e. without typical RISC load-store limitations ).
Compaq PortableIn November 1982 Compaq announced their first product, the Compaq Portable, a portable IBM PC compatible personal computer.
Compaq was able to market a legal IBM clone because IBM mostly used " off the shelf " parts for their PC.
: The best known family of operating systems named " DOS " is that running on IBM PCs type hardware using Intel x86 CPUs or their compatible cousins from other makers.
IBM also had their own DBMS system in 1968, known as IMS.
Edgar Codd worked at IBM in San Jose, California, in one of their offshoot offices that was primarily involved in the development of hard disk systems.
All IBM mainframe and midrange peripherals and operating systems use EBCDIC as their inherent encoding,
Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.
In late 1953, John W. Backus submitted a proposal to his superiors at IBM to develop a more practical alternative to assembly language for programming their IBM 704 mainframe computer.
In this campaign, taking notice of the legal problems of the IBM campaign, Sony paid building owners for the rights to paint on their buildings " a collection of dizzy-eyed urban kids playing with the PSP as if it were a skateboard, a paddle or a rocking horse.
Before the IBM representatives would explain the purpose of their visit, they insisted that Dorothy sign a non-disclosure agreement.
According to Kildall, the IBM representatives took the same flight to Florida that night that he and Dorothy took for their vacation, and they negotiated further on the flight, reaching a handshake agreement.

IBM and license
In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that ( among other infractions ) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into AIX ; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX.
Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.
IBM also later manufactured 386 chips under license.
Later, IBM developed versions of OS / 2 that would use whatever Windows version the user had installed previously, patching it on the fly, and sparing the cost of an additional Windows license.
Microsoft made an offer in 1994 where IBM would receive the same terms as Compaq ( the number one PC manufacturer at the time ) for a license of Windows 95, if IBM ended development of OS / 2 completely.
As a result of the dispute, IBM signed the license agreement 15 minutes before Microsoft's Windows 95 launch event, which was later than their competitors and this badly hurt sales of IBM PCs.
In addition, IBM once made a deal with Commodore to license Amiga technology for OS / 2 2. 0 and above in exchange for the REXX scripting language.
As the market evolved, however, despite the failure of MCA, IBM derived a considerable income from license fees from companies who paid for licenses to use IBM patents that were in the PC design — to the extent that IBM's emphasis changed from discouraging PC clones to maximizing its revenue from license sales.
IBM did introduce an upgraded bus in the IBM PS / 2 computer that overcame many of the technical limits of the XT / AT bus, but this was rarely used as the basis for IBM compatible computers since it required licence payments to IBM both for the PS / 2 bus and any prior AT-bus designs produced by the company seeking a license.
Some of MUSIC / SP's features, notably networking, require z / VM ( and thus an IBM license ).
In July, 2009, TurboHercules SAS asked IBM to license z / OS to its customers for use on systems sold by TurboHercules.
In his finding of facts for United States v. Microsoft, Judge Jackson determined that because of IBM's marketing of Lotus SmartSuite, and other alternatives to Microsoft products ( like World Book electronic encyclopedia instead of Microsoft's Encarta ), Microsoft " punished the IBM PC Company with higher prices, a late license for Windows 95, and the withholding of technical and marketing support.
There was as yet no sign of the " Win " half of " Wintel ," though Microsoft was achieving enormous revenues from DOS sales both to IBM and to an ever-growing list of other manufacturers who had agreed to buy an MS-DOS license for every machine they made, even those that shipped with competing products.
Due to Apple's smaller market share the number of third-party providers was more limited than for the competing IBM PC platform ( though larger than for the Amiga, which had similarly unusual components ), and third-party providers sometimes had to license elements of the interface technology, meaning that Apple made money on every peripheral sold, even if they did not manufacture it.
Novell DOS is similar to MS-DOS and IBM PC-DOS, but no extra license for DOS is required ; this came from the acquisition of Digital Research in 1991.
In later discussions between IBM and Bill Gates, Gates mentioned the existence of 86-DOS and IBM representative Jack Sams told him to get a license for it.

IBM and was
Primary user input was decimal, via standard IBM 80 column punched cards and output was decimal, via a front panel display.
It was also a less expensive alternative to the Apple Macintosh and IBM PC as a general-purpose business or home computer.
* Attached Support Processor, one of the two early IBM System / 360 programs that replaces the native SPOOL facilities of OS / 360 ; the other was Houston Automatic Spooling Priority ( HASP ).
AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.
AIX Version 1, introduced in 1986 for the IBM 6150 RT workstation, was based on UNIX System V Releases 1 and 2.
A beta test version of AIX 5L for IA-64 systems was released, but according to documents released in the SCO v. IBM lawsuit, less than forty licenses for the finished Monterey Unix were ever sold before the project was terminated in 2002.
AIX was a component of the 2003 SCO v. IBM lawsuit, in which the SCO Group filed a lawsuit against IBM, alleging IBM contributed SCO's intellectual property to the Linux codebase.
The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.
This was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research ( the IBM 801 ).
AIX PS / 2 ( also known as AIX / 386 ) was developed by Locus Computing Corporation under contract to IBM.
AIX / 370 was released in 1990 with functional equivalence to System V Release 2 and 4. 3BSD as well as IBM enhancements.
This development effort was made partly to allow IBM to compete with Amdahl UTS.
As an example, if one was trying to profit from a price discrepancy between IBM on the NYSE and IBM on the London Stock Exchange, they may purchase a large number of shares on the NYSE and find that they cannot simultaneously sell on the LSE.
The encoding of data by discrete bits was used in the punched cards invented by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon ( 1732 ), developed by Joseph Marie Jacquard ( 1804 ), and later adopted by Semen Korsakov, Charles Babbage, Hermann Hollerith, and early computer manufacturers like IBM.

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