* Interstitial cystitis ( IC ) or painful bladder syndrome ( PBS ): BCG has been useful in treating some people with IC and / or PBS, which are chronic inflammatory bladder problems with unknown etiology.

IC 342 is one of the brightest two galaxies in the IC 342 / Maffei Group of galaxies.

Recent advances have further added into one package an analog-to-digital converter and I²C ( Inter-integrated circuit communication protocol ) IC for direct connection to a microcontroller's I / O port.

Interstitial cystitis, or bladder pain syndrome ( commonly abbreviated to " IC / BPS "), is a chronic, often severely debilitating disease of the urinary bladder.

IC / BPS affects men and women of all cultures, socioeconomic backgrounds, and ages.

Early research suggested that IC / BPS prevalence ranged from 1 in 100, 000 to 5. 1 in 1, 000 of the general population.

Up to 12 % of women may have early symptoms of IC / BPS.

The symptoms of IC / PBS are often misdiagnosed as a " common " bladder infection ( cystitis ) or a UTI.

However, IC / PBS has not been shown to be caused by a bacterial infection, and the mis-prescribed treatment of antibiotics is ineffective.

The symptoms of IC / PBS may also initially be attributed to prostatitis and epididymitis ( in men ) and endometriosis and uterine fibroids ( in women ).

The most common symptoms of IC / PBS are pain, which is found in 100 % of patients, frequency ( 82 % of patients ) and nocturia ( 62 %).

Far more patients may experience a very mild form of IC / PBS, in which they have no visible wounds in their bladder, yet struggle with symptoms of pain, frequency, and / or urgency.

Some people with IC / PBS suffer from other conditions that may have the same etiology as IC / PBS.

In addition, men with IC / PBS are frequently diagnosed as having chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, and there is an extensive overlap of symptoms and treatment between the two conditions, leading researchers to posit that the conditions share the same etiology and pathology.

The cause of IC / BPS is unknown, though several theories have been put forward ( these include autoimmune theory, nerve theory, mast cell theory, leaky lining theory, infection theory and a theory of production of a toxic substance in the urine.

Regardless of the origin, it is clear that the majority of IC / BPS patients struggle with a damaged urothelium, or bladder lining.

* An antiproliferative factor secreted by the bladders of IC / BPS patients which inhibits bladder cell proliferation, thus possibly causing the missing bladder lining.

* PAND, at gene map locus 13q22-q32, is associated with a constellation of disorders ( a " pleiotropic syndrome ") including IC / BPS and other bladder and kidney problems, thyroid diseases, serious headaches / migraines, panic disorder, and mitral valve prolapse.

Though the latter is not specific for IC / BPS, it has been determined to be helpful in predicting the use of compounds, such as pentosan polysulphate, which are designed to help repair the GAG layer.

The previous gold standard test for IC / BPS was the use of hydrodistention with cystoscopy.

Researchers, however, determined that this visual examination of the bladder wall after stretching the bladder was not specific for IC / BPS and that the test, itself, can contribute to the development of small glomerulations ( that is, petechial hemorrhages ) often found in IC / BPS.

Thus, a diagnosis of IC / BPS is one of exclusion, as well as a review of clinical symptoms.

A diagnosis of IC / BPS would be confirmed with a hydrodistention during cystoscopy with biopsy.

In 2005, understanding of IC / BPS improved dramatically and these therapies are now no longer used.

Rather, IC / BPS therapy is typically multi-modal, including the use of a bladder coating, an antihistamine to help control mast cell activity and a low dose antidepressant to fight neurogenic inflammation.

Amitriptyline can reduce symptoms in patients with IC / BPS.

DMSO, a wood pulp extract, is the only approved bladder instillation for IC / BPS yet it is much less frequently used in urology clinics.

More recently, the use of a " rescue instillation " composed of pentosan polysulfate or heparin, sodium hyaluronate, lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate, has generated considerable excitement in the IC / BPS community because it is the first therapeutic intervention that can be used to reduce a flare of symptoms.

* IC 4499 is a loose globular cluster in the medium-far galactic halo.

* IC 4633 is a very faint spiral galaxy.

An International Council ( IC ) was set up to discuss and decide major issues regarding the WSF, while the local organizing committee in the host city is responsible for the practical preparations of the event.

This widely observed trend is described by Moore's law, which has proven to be a fairly accurate predictor of the growth of CPU ( and other IC ) complexity.

IC 166, also called Tombaugh 3, is a dim open cluster in Camelopardalis.

Generally, the first CERT team member arriving on the scene becomes team leader, and is the designated Incident Commander ( IC ) until the arrival of someone more competent.

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit ( also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip ) is an electronic circuit manufactured by lithography, or the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.

Furthermore, much less material is used to construct a packaged IC die than to construct a discrete circuit.

Research has shown that there is proliferation of nerve fibers in the bladders of IC patients that is not present in the bladders of people who have not been diagnosed with IC.

Each actual IC requires two points of energy, one of metal and half a point of rare materials in order to function.

Police patrols to these areas were sporadically seen ; on rare occasions individuals have had their IC numbers recorded, but for the most part they were left alone and no arrests were made.

In an IC, for example, it may not be rare to have one metal layer at the thin or thick end of its allowed range, but it would be very rare for all 10 layers to be at the same limit, since they are manufactured independently.

* " IC woman and her trust sidekick, vulvodynia " Article about the impact on, and relationship between, the presence of both vulvodynia and the serious bladder condition, interstitial cystitis in female patients

The nine key IC systems are ( alphabetically ): cardiovascular system, central nervous system, endocrine system, gastro-intestinal tract ( and nutritional condition ), hematology, microbiology ( including sepsis status ), peripheries ( and skin ), renal ( and metabolic ), respiratory system.

In applications, the IC condition is the key to describing the shape of in any useful way.

* One unusual condition which affects the urothelium is interstitial cystitis ( IC ), a condition with symptoms similar to UTI ( frequency, urgency, pressure and / or pain ).