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Ibn and Battuta
The Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited Constantinople towards the end of 1332, mentions in his memoirs having met Andronikos III.
* 1304 – Ibn Battuta, Arabian explorer ( d. c. 1368 )
Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta left vivid descriptions of the empire.
(, ), or simply Ibn Battuta (), also known as Shams ad-Din ( February 25, 1304 – 1368 or 1369 ), was a Berber Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla ( lit.
Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.
Ibn Battuta was born into a Berber family of Islamic legal scholars in Tangier, Morocco, on 25 February 1304, during the reign of the Marinid dynasty.
In June 1325, at the age of twenty-one, Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown on a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca, a journey that would take sixteen months.
For safety, Ibn Battuta usually joined a caravan to reduce the risk of an attack by wandering Arab Bedouin.
In the early spring of 1326, after a journey of over, Ibn Battuta arrived at the port of Alexandria, then part of the Bahri Mamluk empire.
Of the three usual routes to Mecca, Ibn Battuta chose the least-travelled, which involved a journey up the Nile valley, then east to the Red Sea port of Aydhab, Upon approaching the town however, a local rebellion forced him to turn back.
Ibn Battuta returned to Cairo and took a second side trip, this time to Mamluk-controlled Damascus.
Rather than return home, Ibn Battuta instead decided to continue on, choosing as his next destination the Ilkhanate, a Mongol Khanate, to the northeast.
An interactive display about Ibn Battuta in Ibn Battuta Mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
On 17 November 1326, following a month spent in Mecca, Ibn Battuta joined a large caravan of pilgrims returning to Iraq across the Arabian Peninsula.
Then, instead of continuing on to Baghdad with the caravan, Ibn Battuta started a six-month detour that took him into Persia.
Ibn Battuta joined the royal caravan for a while, then turned north on the Silk Road to Tabriz, the first major city in the region to open its gates to the Mongols and by then an important trading centre as most of its nearby rivals had been razed by the Mongol invaders.
Ibn Battuta left again for Baghdad, probably in July, but first took an excursion northwards along the river Tigris, visiting Mosul, Cizre and Mardin, in modern day Iraq and Turkey.
Ibn Battuta remained in Mecca for some time ( the Rihla suggests about three years, from September 1327 until autumn 1330 ).
Ibn Battuta also mentions visiting Sana ' a, but whether he actually did so is doubtful.
From Aden, Ibn Battuta embarked on a ship heading for Zeila on the coast of Somalia.
Ibn Battuta described it as " an exceedingly large city " with many rich merchants, noted for its high quality fabric that was exported to other countries including Egypt.
After a journey along the coast, Ibn Battuta next arrived in the island town of Kilwa in present day Tanzania, which had become an important transit centre of the gold trade.

Ibn and went
) Ibn Yasin's initial meetings with the Gudala people went poorly.
Ibn Battuta disapproved of the fact that female slaves, servants and even the daughters of the sultan went about completely naked.
Around the 970s an Arabic envoy Ibn Sulaym went to Dongola and wrote an account afterwards ; it is now our most important source for this period.
John's father, Sarjun ( Sergius ) or Ibn Mansur, went on to serve the Umayyad caliphs.
Al-Mu ' tamid went, however, considerably further in patronage of literature than his father, for he chose as his favourite and prime minister the poet Ibn Ammar.
Ibn ‘ Arabī was about sixteen when he went into seclusion.
Senussi went to Mecca, where he joined Ahmad Ibn Idris al-Fasi, the head of the Khadirites, a religious fraternity of Moroccan origin.
He went into exile when Hissein Habré took power on June 7, 1982 and joined the Democratic Revolutionary Council headed by Acheikh Ibn Oumar ; however, he did not return to Chad when Acheikh joined with Habré in 1988.
The French military mission of 1, 100 officers under Brémond established good relations with Hussein and especially with his sons, the Emirs Ali and Abdullah, and for this reason, most of the French effort went into assisting the Arab Southern Army commanded by the Emir Ali that was laying siege to Medina and the Eastern Army commanded by Abdullah that had the responsibility of protecting Ali's eastern flank from Ibn Rashid.
Desert Column's headquarters were established west of Karm Ibn Musleh, with the 5th Mounted Yeomanry Brigade in column reserve while a patrol of the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment went to cut the telegraph line running east from Rafa towards Shellal, and Chauvel reconnoitred the El Magruntein defences.
Rahman studied Arabic at Punjab University, and went on to Oxford University where he wrote a dissertation on Ibn Sina.
Upon arrival in Afghanistan, ( Hicks was sent to Afghanistan by the LoT ) Hicks allegedly went to an al-Qaeda ( he did not know of the existence of al-Qaeda until he was interrogated by USA army personnel ) guest house where he met Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, a high ranking al Qaeda member.
He then passionately went into the readings of Ibn Arabi, Ibn El Fared, Suhrawardi, Rabaa El Adaweya and loved Al halag.
In December 1293, Al-Ashraf Khalil accompanied by Ibn al-Salus, Baydara and other Emirs went to Turug in northern Egypt on a bird-hunting expedition.
In answer to Ibn Habib's observation, that a sacred ordination must not proceed from learning alone, but from holiness also, Berab replied: " I never changed my name: in the midst of want and despair I went in God's way " ( Ibn Habib, " Responsa ," p. 298b ); thereby alluding to the fact that, when a youth, Ibn Habib had lived for a year in Portugal as a Christian under an assumed name.
Ibn Batuta went to Calicut and then returned to Honavar where he found the chief preparing an expedition against the island of Sindabur or Chitakul ( present day Sadashivgad ) near Karwar.
Thereafter, Ibn Tumart went east to deepen his studies ( it is sometimes said that he undertook, or sought to undertake, the pilgrimage to Mecca, but did not do so at this point .).
( However, it is known that at this time, al-Ghazali was living in Damascus, suggesting that either Ibn Tumart also went there, or that this story is a mere legendary flourish, intimating Ibn Tumart's future career ; at any rate, al-Ghazali died in 1111, whereas Ibn Tumart did not return to the west until 1117 at the earliest.
During this period of his life his a number of al-Ash ' ari's students went on to propagate this theology under the newly founded Ash ' ari school of early Islamic philosophy and Kalam, however al-Ash ' ari himself is said to have left his stances in theology for a more textualist approach ( see Athari ) as according to Ibn Katheer, Nu ' maan al-Aloosi, Muhibb ud-Deen al-Khateeb, Imaam adh-Dhahabee in his " Siyar " and based on what is understood from al-Ash ' aris final book " al-Ibaanah ".

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