If there are g ( E ) dE states with energy E to E + dE, then the Boltzmann distribution predicts a probability distribution for the energy:

If, by contrast they are in a trans configuration, then the stereoisomer is assigned an E or Entgegen configuration.

If the 3 generations are then put in a 3x3 hermitian matrix with certain additions for the diagonal elements then these matrices form an exceptional ( grassman -) Jordan algebra, which has the symmetry group of one of the exceptional Lie groups ( F < sub > 4 </ sub >, E < sub > 6 </ sub >, E < sub > 7 </ sub > or E < sub > 8 </ sub >) depending on the details.

If E / F is a Galois extension, then Aut ( E / F ) is called the Galois group of ( the extension ) E over F, and is usually denoted by Gal ( E / F ).

If E / F is a Galois extension, then Gal ( E / F ) can be given a topology, called the Krull topology, that makes it into a profinite group.

If the cause of the crash is uncertain, this number is rendered as 48454C50, which stands for " HELP " in hexadecimal ASCII characters ( 48 = H, 45 = E, 4C = L, 50 = P ).

If M is an R module and is its ring of endomorphisms, then if and only if there is a unique idempotent e in E such that and.

If a particle of charge q moves with velocity v in the presence of an electric field E and a magnetic field B, then it will experience a force

A measure μ is monotonic: If E < sub > 1 </ sub > and E < sub > 2 </ sub > are measurable sets with E < sub > 1 </ sub > ⊆ E < sub > 2 </ sub > then

A measure μ is countably subadditive: If E < sub > 1 </ sub >, E < sub > 2 </ sub >, E < sub > 3 </ sub >, … is a countable sequence of sets in Σ, not necessarily disjoint, then

A measure μ is continuous from below: If E < sub > 1 </ sub >, E < sub > 2 </ sub >, E < sub > 3 </ sub >, … are measurable sets and E < sub > n </ sub > is a subset of E < sub > n + 1 </ sub > for all n, then the union of the sets E < sub > n </ sub > is measurable, and

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

If F ≥ F < sub > Critical </ sub > ( Numerator DF, Denominator DF, α )

If the method is applied to an infinite sequence ( X < sub > i </ sub >: i ∈ ω ) of nonempty sets, a function is obtained at each finite stage, but there is no stage at which a choice function for the entire family is constructed, and no " limiting " choice function can be constructed, in general, in ZF without the axiom of choice.

If K is a number field, its ring of integers is the subring of algebraic integers in K, and is frequently denoted as O < sub > K </ sub >.

If ΔS and / or T are small, the condition ΔG < 0 may imply that ΔH < 0, which would indicate an exothermic reaction.

If M is a Turing Machine which, on input w, outputs string x, then the concatenated string < M > w is a description of x.

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

If the first allele is dominant to the second, then the fraction of the population that will show the dominant phenotype is p < sup > 2 </ sup > + 2pq, and the fraction with the recessive phenotype is q < sup > 2 </ sup >.

If activated cytotoxic CD8 < sup >+</ sup > T cells recognize them, the T cells begin to secrete various toxins that cause the lysis or apoptosis of the infected cell.

If ADH production is excessive in heart failure, Na < sup >+</ sup > level in the plasma may fall ( hyponatremia ), and this is a sign of increased risk of death in heart failure patients.

If we define r < sub > i </ sub > as the displacement of particle i from the center of mass, and v < sub > i </ sub > as the velocity of particle i with respect to the center of mass, then we have

Let ( m, n ) be a pair of amicable numbers with m < n, and write m = gM and n = gN where g is the greatest common divisor of m and n. If M and N are both coprime to g and square free then the pair ( m, n ) is said to be regular, otherwise it is called irregular or exotic.

* The Lusternik – Schnirelmann theorem: If the sphere S < sup > n </ sup > is covered by n + 1 open sets, then one of these sets contains a pair ( x, − x ) of antipodal points.

Some authors require in addition that μ ( C ) < ∞ for every compact set C. If a Borel measure μ is both inner regular and outer regular, it is called a regular Borel measure.

If A is expressed as an N × N matrix, then A < sup >†</ sup > is its conjugate transpose.

* If G is a locally compact Hausdorff topological group and μ its Haar measure, then the Banach space L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ) of all μ-integrable functions on G becomes a Banach algebra under the convolution xy ( g ) = ∫ x ( h ) y ( h < sup >− 1 </ sup > g ) dμ ( h ) for x, y in L < sup > 1 </ sup >( G ).

If the convention B < sub > 1 </ sub >=− is used, this sequence is also known as the first Bernoulli numbers ( / in OEIS ); with the convention B < sub > 1 </ sub >=+ is known as the second Bernoulli numbers ( / in OEIS ).

If the appellate court does find a legal defect in the decision " below " ( i. e., in the lower court ), it may " modify " the ruling to correct the defect, or it may nullify (" reverse " or " vacate ") the whole decision or any part of it.

* Let Q be a set enclosed between two step regions S and T. A step region is formed from a finite union of adjacent rectangles resting on a common base, i. e. S ⊆ Q ⊆ T. If there is a unique number c such that a ( S ) ≤ c ≤ a ( T ) for all such step regions S and T, then a ( Q )

If the resulting four kilobyte table size is too large for a given target platform, the table lookup operation can be performed with a single 256-entry 32-bit ( i. e. 1 kilobyte ) table by the use of circular rotates.

If a description of s, d ( s ), is of minimal length ( i. e. it uses the fewest number of characters ), it is called a minimal description of s. Thus, the length of d ( s ) ( i. e. the number of characters in the description ) is the Kolmogorov complexity of s, written K ( s ).

If the object point be infinitely distant, all rays received by the first member of the system are parallel, and their intersections, after traversing the system, vary according to their perpendicular height of incidence, i. e. their distance from the axis.

If the ratio a '/ a be sufficiently constant, as is often the case, the above relation reduces to the condition of Airy, i. e. tan w '/ tan w = a constant.

If ( m, n ) is regular and M and N have i and j prime factors respectively, then ( m, n ) is said to be of type ( i, j ).

If the auction is passed out, i. e. no bids are made and only four passes are called, the hands are abandoned and the turn to deal passes in rotation.

If a Banach algebra has unit 1, then 1 cannot be a commutator ; i. e., for any x, y ∈ A.

If your side has two aces and a void, then you are not at risk of losing the first two tricks, so long as ( a ) your void is useful ( i. e., does not duplicate the function of an ace that your side holds ) and ( b ) you are not vulnerable to the loss of the first two tricks in the fourth suit ( because, for instance, one of the partnership hands holds a singleton in that suit or the protected king, giving your side second round control ).

If one eigenvalue is negative ( i. e., an imaginary frequency ), then the stationary point is a transition structure.

If both high priority substituents are on the same side of the double bond, i. e. in the cis configuration, then the stereoisomer is assigned a Z or Zusammen configuration.

If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is thrown on the come-out roll ( i. e., if a point is set ), most casinos allow pass line bettors to take odds by placing from one to five times ( and at some casinos, up to 100 times ) the pass line bet behind the pass line.

If two cofinal subsets of B have minimal cardinality ( i. e. their cardinality is the cofinality of B ), then they are order isomorphic to each other.

* If is the norm ( usually noted as ) defined in the sequence space ℓ < sup >∞</ sup > of all bounded sequences ( which also matches the non-linear distance measured as the maximum of distances measured on projections into the base subspaces, without requiring the space to be isotropic or even just linear, but only continuous, such norm being definable on all Banach spaces ), and is lower triangular non-singular ( i. e., ) then

If the glass is cooled quickly in the absence of a strong light source by putting ice on the glass or placing it in the freezer with the door almost closed, it turns backwards ( i. e. the silver sides trail ).