If a poor diatomic gas quencher were introduced to the tube, the positive argon ions, during their motion toward the cathode, would have multiple collisions with the quencher gas molecules and transfer their charge and some energy to them.

If an antibody is developed to stabilize a molecule that's similar to an unstable intermediate of another ( potentially unrelated ) reaction, the developed antibody will enzymatically bind to and stabilize the intermediate state, thus catalyzing the reaction.

If the ether is part of a more complex molecule, it is described as an alkoxy substituent, so-OCH < sub > 3 </ sub > would be considered a " methoxy -" group.

If an explosive molecule contains just enough oxygen to convert all of its carbon to carbon dioxide, all of its hydrogen to water, and all of its metal to metal oxide with no excess, the molecule is said to have a zero oxygen balance.

If the molecule is symmetrical, e. g. N < sub > 2 </ sub >, the band is not observed in the IR spectrum, but only in the Raman spectrum.

If inversion through the center of symmetry in a molecule results in the same phases for the molecular orbital, then the MO is said to have gerade, g, symmetry.

If inversion through the center of symmetry in a molecule results in a phase change for the molecular orbital, then the MO is said to have ungerade, u, symmetry.

* If the molecule has some symmetry, the degenerate atomic orbitals ( with the same atomic energy ) are grouped in linear combinations ( called symmetry-adapted atomic orbitals ( SO )), which belong to the representation of the symmetry group, so the wave functions that describe the group are known as symmetry-adapted linear combinations ( SALC ).

If the carbonyl is at position 1 ( that is, n or m is zero ), the molecule begins with an formyl group H ( C = O )-, and is technically an aldehyde.

If the molecule can be rotated in space so that the directions of those four groups match those of the analog groups in-glyceraldehyde's C2, then the isomer receives the '-' prefix.

If the biologically active molecule chosen for PET is FDG, an analogue of glucose, the concentrations of tracer imaged then give tissue metabolic activity, in terms of regional glucose uptake.

If the struck molecule is DNA it can show a spontaneous mutation.

If the potential energy is set to zero at infinite distance from the atomic nucleus or molecule, the usual convention, then bound electron states have negative potential energy.

If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the ground state.

If the final vibrational state of the molecule is more energetic than the initial state, then the emitted photon will be shifted to a lower frequency in order for the total energy of the system to remain balanced.

If we define the exobase as the height at which upward traveling molecules experience one collision on average, then at this position the mean free path of a molecule is equal to one pressure scale height.

If the adsorbate has a unity sticking coefficient, so that every molecule which reaches the surface sticks to it without re-evaporating, then the monolayer time is very roughly:

If some force is acting on the elastic cantilever ( for example because some molecule is being stretched between the surface and the tip ), this will deflect upward ( repulsive force ) or downward ( attractive force ).

If the union is between atoms or groups of the same molecule, the reaction is termed intramolecular condensation, and in many cases leads to ring formation.

If an inducer molecule is present, it binds to the repressor and changes its conformation so that it is unable to bind to the operator.

If the adsorbate molecule in the precursor state is in close proximity to an adsorbate molecule which has already formed on the surface, it has a sticking probability reflected by the size of the S < sub > E </ sub > constant and will either be adsorbed from the precursor state at a rate of k < sub > EC </ sub > or will desorb into the gaseous phase at a rate of k < sub > ES </ sub >.

If an adsorbate molecule enters the precursor state at a location that is remote from any other previously adsorbed adsorbate molecules, the sticking probability is reflected by the size of the S < sub > D </ sub > constant.

If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the Class I MHC molecule and the antigen and the T cell destroys the cell.

If a system consists of several particles, the total angular momentum about a point can be obtained by adding ( or integrating ) all the angular momenta of the constituent particles.

* If we think of as the group of real numbers under addition, then the direct product still consists of.

* If we think of as the ring of real numbers, then the direct product again consists of.

* If is the set of all cars, and is the equivalence relation " has the same color as ", then one particular equivalence class consists of all green cars.

If one object consists of a set X with a binary relation R and the other object consists of a set Y with a binary relation S then an isomorphism from X to Y is a bijective function such that:

If the domain consists of the non-negative numbers, then the function is injective and invertible.

If the alphabet consists of alternative symbols, each symbol represents a message consisting of N bits.

If either party consists of two or more members, all will come to attention, but only the most senior member of the party will offer ( or return ) the physical or verbal salute.

If the diad consists of two identically oriented units, the diad is called a meso diad reflecting similar features as a meso compound.

If the diad consists of units oriented in opposition, the diad is called a racemo diad as in a racemic compound.

If the array of weights consists of N weights spaced evenly over the length L

If the fully qualified domain name of any name server for a zone appears within that zone, the zone administrator provides IP addresses for that name server, which are installed in the parent zone as glue records ; otherwise, the delegation consists of the list of NS records for that zone.

If absent or deficient of natural tissue, alternatives can be cultured sheets of epithelial cells in vitro or synthetic compounds, such as integra, which consists of silicone and bovine tendon collagen with glycosaminoglycans.

If one assumes that all of the universe consists of protons and neutrons, the density of the universe is such that much of the currently observed deuterium would have been burned into helium-4.

If ( E, M ) is a factorization system, then the morphisms in M may be regarded as the embeddings, especially when the category is well powered with respect to M. Concrete theories often have a factorization system in which M consists of the embeddings in the previous sense.

* If K is a field and we consider the K-vector space K < sup > n </ sup >, then the endomorphism ring of K < sup > n </ sup > which consists of all K-linear maps from K < sup > n </ sup > to K < sup > n </ sup >.

If the body consists of a homogeneous material with sufficiently known physical properties, the thermal mass is simply the mass of material present times the specific heat capacity of that material.

If the support of a distribution consists of points, with corresponding probabilities, then the probability mass function of the distribution over can be written, using the Kronecker delta, as

If ecological sanitation is practiced municipal wastewater consists only of greywater, which can be recycled for gardening.

If a thermodynamical system consists of N particles, then a point in the 6N-dimensional phase space describes the dynamical state of every particle in that system, as each particle is associated with three position variables and three momentum variables.

If virtue consists in being useful to our fellow citizens, perhaps there were few more virtuous men than Mr. Craig.

If the universe of discourse consists of all functions from the real line R to itself, then the solutions for f are all functions whose only values are one and zero.

* Spec k, the spectrum of the polynomial ring over a field k, which is also denoted, the affine line: the polynomial ring is known to be a principal ideal domain and the irreducible polynomials are the prime elements of k. If k is algebraically closed, for example the field of complex numbers, a non-constant polynomial is irreducible if and only if it is linear, of the form t − a, for some element a of k. So, the spectrum consists of one closed point for every element a of k and a generic point, corresponding to the zero ideal.