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Page "Operant conditioning" ¶ 35
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If and subject's
If the form of the identity card is " machine-readable ", usually using an encoded magnetic stripe or identification number ( such as a Social Security number ), it corroborates the subject's identifying data.

If and history
If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.
If only for this modest masterpiece of military history, Blenheim is likely to be read and reread long after newer interpretations have perhaps altered our picture of the Marlborough wars.
Naamani Tarkow has written: " If one is to make sweeping statements, one may say that, save Magna Carta ( more truly, its implications ), the Act of Settlement is probably the most significant statute in English history ".
If you come up with an innovation that serves, that resonates with customers, the Internet will allow that innovation to spread dramatically faster than any other technology has enabled a new innovation to be adopted in the history of mankind.
If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is a historian of prehistory.
If Judge Landis was suspicious of an attorney's line of questioning, he would begin to wrinkle his nose, and once told a witness, " Now let's stop fooling around and tell exactly what did happen, without reciting your life's history.
If history has to single out one person from among the Mountain Men to receive the admiration of later generations, Carson is the best choice.
The person from Porlock later became a word to describe interrupted genius, and the literary critic Walter Jackson Bate recounted that while John Livingston Lowes taught the poem, he told his students " If there is any man in the history of literature who should be hanged, drawn, and quartered, it is the man on business from Porlock.
If the story is true that troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras ( about 1150-1207 ) wrote the famous Provençal song Kalenda Maya to fit the tune of an estampie that he heard two jongleurs play, then the history of the estampie extends back to the 12th century.
" If certain acts of violation of treaties are crimes, they are crimes whether the United States does them or whether Germany does them, and we are not prepared to lay down a rule of criminal conduct against others which we would not be willing to have invoked against us ... We must never forget that the record on which we judge these defendants is the record on which history will judge us tomorrow.
" If we mistakenly confuse precision with accuracy, then we might be misled into thinking that an explanation expressed in precise mathematical or graphical terms is somehow more rigorous or useful than one that takes into account particulars of history, institutions or business strategy.
Bury, however, have noted parallels between them: If, instead of a history, Thucydides had written an analytical treatise on politics, with particular reference to the Athenian empire, it is probable that.
If, as seems likely, he died before his fifteenth birthday, he is the shortest-lived monarch in English history ( his great-nephew Edward VI died in his sixteenth year ).
If one could rewind history, and change only one small thing ( making the student study for the exam ), then causation could be observed ( by comparing version 1 to version 2 ).
If events should deviate significantly, the story may then fall under the genre of alternate history, which is known for speculating on what could have happened if a significant historical event had occurred differently.
De Camp's most highly regarded works in the genre are his time travel and alternate history stories, including Lest Darkness Fall ( 1939 ), " The Wheels of If " ( 1940 ), " A Gun for Dinosaur " ( 1956 ), " Aristotle and the Gun " ( 1958 ), and The Glory That Was ( 1960 ) – in the last of which the " time travel " actually turns out to be a tour de force of historical recreation.
Lest Darkness Fall, " The Wheels of If " and " Aristotle and the Gun " have been recognized as seminal works in the field of alternate history.
If they don't know what you're up to, they just go by your history.
If a borrower has poor to moderate credit history, MMI probably is much less expensive with an FHA insured loan than with a conventional loan regardless of LTV – sometimes as little as one-ninth as much depending on the borrower's credit score, LTV, loan size, and approval status.
If all we care about is average happiness, we are forced to conclude that an extremely small population, say ten people, over the course of human history is the best outcome if we assume that these ten people ( Adam and Eve et al.
If Brown serves for more than two years and nine months into his current term, he will surpass Earl Warren as the longest-serving governor in terms of cumulative service in California state history.
If the given system is closed, then one can think of a mixed state as representing a single system with an uncertain preparation history, as explicitly detailed above ; or we can regard the mixed state as representing an ensemble of systems, i. e. a large number of copies of the system in question, where p < sub > j </ sub > is the proportion of the ensemble being in the state.
BBC disc jockey John Peel said of the album: " If there has been anything in the history of popular music which could be described as a work of art in a way that people who are involved in other areas of art would understand, then Trout Mask Replica is probably that work.
According to Peel, " If there has ever been such a thing as a genius in the history of popular music, it's Beefheart ...
* The history of If ...

If and reinforcement
If a chattel slave refuses to work, a number of punishments are also available ; from beatings to food deprivation – although economically rational slave owners practiced positive reinforcement to achieve best results and before losing their investment ( or even friendship ) by killing an expensive slave.
If the reinforcement is too close to the surface, early failure due to corrosion may occur.
If not properly managed ( through outlet piping geometry ) or accounted for ( by structural reinforcement of downstream components ), the resulting pulsations can cause fluid cavitation and / or damage to components downstream of the blower.
If the belt is mounted in the body, and it is a 1988 model year, there is no additional reinforcement.
If the trainer uses only food, then the dog clearly learns that if food isn't present, then there can be no reinforcement.
If the removal of an event serves as a reinforcer, this is termed negative reinforcement.
If response A leads contingently to B, and B is more probable than A, A will increase in frequency ( reinforcement ); conversely, if A leads contingently to B, and B is less probable than A, A will decrease in frequency ( punishment ).
If the tissue quality is poor, e. g. the injury has been neglected, the surgeon might use a reinforcement mesh ( collagen, Artelon or other degradable material ).
If reinforcement were occurring, random behaviors should increase in frequency because they should have been rewarded by random food.

If and is
If the circumstances are faced frankly it is not reasonable to expect this to be true.
If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.
If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.
If they avoid the use of the pungent, outlawed four-letter word it is because it is taboo ; ;
If Wilhelm Reich is the Moses who has led them out of the Egypt of sexual slavery, Dylan Thomas is the poet who offers them the Dionysian dialectic of justification for their indulgence in liquor, marijuana, sex, and jazz.
If he is the child of nothingness, if he is the predestined victim of an age of atomic wars, then he will consult only his own organic needs and go beyond good and evil.
If it is an honest feeling, then why should she not yield to it??
If he thus achieves a lyrical, dreamlike, drugged intensity, he pays the price for his indulgence by producing work -- Allen Ginsberg's `` Howl '' is a striking example of this tendency -- that is disoriented, Dionysian but without depth and without Apollonian control.
If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.
If he is good, he may not be legal ; ;
If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question, it has served as an exclamation.
If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation.
If we remove ourselves for a moment from our time and our infatuation with mental disease, isn't there something absurd about a hero in a novel who is defeated by his infantile neurosis??
If he is a traditionalist, he is an eclectic traditionalist.
If our sincerity is granted, and it is granted, the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination.
If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.

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