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If and appellate
If the appellate court finds no defect, it " affirms " the judgment.
If the appellate court does find a legal defect in the decision " below " ( i. e., in the lower court ), it may " modify " the ruling to correct the defect, or it may nullify (" reverse " or " vacate ") the whole decision or any part of it.
If that judgment goes to appeal, the appellate court will have the opportunity to review both the precedent and the case under appeal, perhaps overruling the previous case law by setting a new precedent of higher authority.
If there is no decision on point from the highest court of a state, the federal courts must attempt to predict how the state courts would resolve the issue, by looking at decisions from state appellate courts at all levels.
If that termination makes a case moot, pregnancy litigation seldom will survive much beyond the trial stage, and appellate review will be effectively denied.
If still unsatisfied, the litigant can appeal to the highest appellate court in the state, which is usually called the state supreme court and is usually located in or near the state capital.
If the Supreme Court could not review decisions from the highest State court, the State courts would be excluded from ever hearing a case in any way involving a Federal question, because the Supreme Court would be deprived of appellate jurisdiction in those cases.
In the case In re: Parson, the United States Supreme Court wrote: " If the orders be regarded merely as directions in the administration of judicial affairs in respect of the immediate possession of property or custody of prisoners, we cannot be properly called to, by reason of anything appearing on these records, in the exercise of appellate jurisdiction in this manner, to direct them to be set aside.
If the agency refuses to declassify that document, then a decision from a higher authority can be provided by the appellate panel, the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel ( ISCAP ).
If the judge did not articulate specific findings of fact and conclusions of law justifying an exceptional sentence, an appellate court would have to reverse the sentence.
If recusal is avoided in this manner, a full and complete record of the facts that qualify as grounds, above, must be made for the appellate court.

If and court
If the case is thus determined by us to be domestic, the court has no jurisdiction.
If, in the trustee's judgment, `` reasonable market conditions '' did not prevail during any given year, he was to be allowed to petition the court for an extension of time within the ten-year period.
If a litigant chooses to enforce a Federal right in a State court, he cannot be heard to object if he is treated exactly as are plaintiffs who press like claims arising under State law with regard to the form in which the claim must be stated -- the particularity, for instance, with which a cause of action must be described.
If a party is dissatisfied with the finding of such a tribunal, one generally has the power to request a trial " de novo " by a court of record.
If the opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves ; if odd, the player in the left service court serves.
If the netshot is tight and tumbling, then the opponent's lift will not reach the back of the court, which makes the subsequent smash much harder to return.
If a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend: they will adopt a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to cover the full width of their court against the opponents ' smashes.
If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision ( this principle is known as stare decisis ).
If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases ( called a " matter of first impression "), judges have the authority and duty to make law by creating precedent.
If a plan cannot be confirmed, the court may either convert the case to a liquidation under chapter 7, or, if in the best interests of the creditors and the estate, the case may be dismissed resulting in a return to the status quo before bankruptcy.
If this issue is raised, evidence will be placed before the court, which will normally rule as a preliminary matter whether the plea is substantiated, and if it so finds, the projected trial will be prevented from proceeding.
If one is convicted at the district court, the defence can make an appeal on procedural grounds to the supreme court.
If the court does so, the lawyer may thereafter ply the witness with leading questions during direct examination.
If an application is denied by one judge of the FISC, the federal government is not allowed to make the same application to a different judge of the court, but must appeal to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.
If the Supreme Court grants certiorari and accepts the case, it will receive written briefs from each side ( and any amici curiae or friends of the court — usually interested third parties with some expertise to bear on the subject ) and schedule oral arguments.
If the detention is held to be unlawful, the prisoner can usually then be released or bailed by order of the court without having to be produced before it.
If they fail to answer, the person requesting can make an Application on Notice to the court and ask the procedural judge to make an order compelling the opponent to answer the questions.
If the person has a mental illness and it is determined that the mental illness interfered with the person's ability to determine right from wrong ( and other associated criteria a jurisdiction may have ) and if the person is willing to plead guilty or is proven guilty in a court of law, some jurisdictions have an alternative option known as either a Guilty but Mentally Ill ( GBMI ) or a Guilty but Insane verdict.
If civil commitment proceedings follow, the evaluation is presented in a formal court hearing where testimony and other evidence may also be submitted.
If the court finds that the respondent is " seriously mentally impaired ," he or she will be placed in a psychiatric hospital for further evaluation and possibly treatment.

If and determines
If man is actually the product of his environment and if science can discover the laws of human nature and the ways in which environment determines what people do, then someone -- a someone probably standing outside traditional systems of values -- can turn around and develop completely efficient means for controlling people.
If the receiver catches the ball but the official determines that he was still " bobbling " it prior to the end of the play, then the pass will be ruled incomplete.
If a judge determines that there is sufficient evidence to believe that the defendant committed the crime, it is said that the defendant is " held to answer " or " bound over " ( in U. S. jurisdictions ).
If the accused party is found guilty, the victim ( or in death, victim's family ) determines the punishment, choosing either retribution ( qisas-e-nafs ), which means execution in the case of intentional murder, and in cases of intentional battery, the amputation of the limb that was lost ; or they can choose to forgive the perpetrator.
If multiple torques are acting on the body, it is instead the net torque which determines the rate of change of the angular momentum:
* If neither of the above is the case ( for example, a three and an eight ), then a spread is announced which determines the payoff ( a 4-card spread, in this example ), and a third card will be dealt.
If the relative motion of a pair determines a curved arc of an orbit, or if the relative motion is small compared to the common proper motion of both stars, it may be concluded that the pair is in mutual orbit as a binary star.
If the IRS determines that a third-party intermediary firm's worker previously treated as self-employed should have been classified as an employee, the IRS assesses substantial back taxes, penalties and interest on that third-party intermediary company, though not directly against the worker or the end client.
If, however, neither team scores after this period, a shootout determines the winner.
If medical treatment fails, and the patient elects not to try office-based therapies or the physician determines the patient is a better candidate for transurethral resection of prostate ( TURP ), surgery may need to be performed.
If the Committee determines that no violation of a right contained in the ICCPR has occurred then no further action will be taken.
If there is a full confession, and the defendant agrees to it, the trial may be held before a single professional judge who hears the case and determines sentencing.
If this is done in such a way that, when glued together, neighboring edges are pointing in the opposite direction, then this determines an orientation of the surface.
" If the SEC staff determines that this is the case, it sends a letter to the CRA indicating that if a regulated entity were to rely on the CRA's ratings, the SEC staff will not recommend enforcement action against that entity.
If, after finding the accused guilty, the court determines that the accused was entrapped, the court will enter a judicial stay of proceedings.
If more than one team owner claims a player, a team's waiver wire position determines who gets the player.
If there is no winner at the end of the second period of extra time, a penalty shoot-out determines the winner ( to date, no Super Cup tie has been settled on a penalty shoot-out ).
If antibodies are detected by an initial test based on the ELISA method, then a second test using the Western blot procedure determines the size of the antigens in the test kit binding to the antibodies.
If the authentication server determines the credentials are valid, the supplicant ( client device ) is allowed to access resources located on the protected side of the network.
If such a strike or lockout occurs after this application is submitted, I will notify ETA within 3 days of the occurrence of such a strike or lockout and the application will not be used in support of petition filings with INS for H-1B nonimmigrants to work in the same occupation at the place of employment until ETA determines the strike or lockout has ceased.
If either of these two heuristics determines the value of one of the squares, it is included in the partial solution and the same calculations are repeated.
If the polynomial is a polynomial in one variable, it determines a quadratic function in one variable.
If a non-filer officer determines that insufficient info is available for issuing an arbitrary assessment, they may refer the file to Investigations, who would then take the taxpayer to court.
If the official scorer determines that the catcher should have been able to control the pitch and prevent an advance with ordinary effort, then the catcher is charged with a passed ball on the advance.

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