If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode ( the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply ).

If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction.

If no salt bridge were used, this charge difference would prevent further flow of electrons.

If one assumed that magnetopause was just a boundary between a magnetic field in a vacuum and a plasma with a weak magnetic field embedded in it, then the magnetopause would be defined by electrons and ions penetrating one gyroradius into the magnetic field domain.

If a band of allowable energies is completely filled by electrons, it cannot carry any electrical current, because that would require the electron's energy to be increased.

If the beam enters the sample perpendicular to the surface, then the activated region is uniform about the axis of the beam and a certain number of electrons " escape " from within the sample.

If one now shines a very intense beam of low-frequency light upon the same metal, a whole slew of electrons are ejected ; however they possess the same low energy, there are merely more of them.

If the crystal were of any reasonable size, the number of electrons ( or holes ) required to be injected would have to be very large, making it less than useful as an amplifier because it would require a large injection current to start with.

If the applied electric field is sufficiently high, free electrons from background radiation may become accelerated to velocities that can liberate additional electrons during collisions with neutral atoms or molecules in a process called avalanche breakdown.

If there were no geomagnetic field and no additional atoms in the lower atmosphere for additional collisions, the electrons would continue to travel downward with an average current density in the stratosphere of about 48 amperes per square metre.

If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the ground state.

If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be excited, or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are excited.

If the voltage is large enough, essentially all electrons ( and any negative ions ) will be repelled.

If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band.

If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms ( impurities ), there will be extra electrons available for conduction.

If the bandgap is too high, most daylight photons cannot be absorbed ; if it is too low, then most photons have much more energy than necessary to excite electrons across the bandgap, and the rest is wasted.

If those people were negatively charged ( like electrons ), this movement would constitute conduction.

If the temperature stays constant at its new value, the pyroelectric voltage gradually disappears due to leakage current ( the leakage can be due to electrons moving through the crystal, ions moving through the air, current leaking through a voltmeter attached across the crystal, etc.

If used in a location with strong magnetic fields, which can curve electron paths, steer the electrons away from the dynodes and cause loss of gain, photomultipliers are usually shielded by a layer of mu-metal.

If conditions are right, reactions take place at the electrode surfaces which release electrons from the chloride and transfer electrons to the sodium.

If the temperature is extremely low, the behavior of the electrons comes close to the quantum mechanical model of a free electron gas.

`` If you spot Carmer give a yell before you move in ''.

If his circumspection in regard to Philip's sensibilities went so far that he even refused to grant a dispensation for the marriage of Amadee's daughter, Agnes, to the son of the dauphin of Vienne -- a truly peacemaking move according to thirteenth-century ideas, for Savoy and Dauphine were as usual fighting on opposite sides -- for fear that he might seem to be favoring the anti-French coalition, he would certainly never take the far more drastic step of ordering the return of Gascony to Edward, even though, as he admitted to the English ambassadors, he had been advised that the original cession was invalid.

If the lever is pulled to clear a signal or move a switch, the tappet moves a short distance lengthwise at the same time.

If the artist would study his work more thoroughly and move certain units in his design, often only slightly, finer pictures would result.

If you move them toward the beam, you count their value.

If you move away, you don't count their value.

If light moves instantaneously, the telescope does not move, and the true direction of the star relative to the observer can be found by following the line ES.

If the creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates ( e. g. rating downgrade ) and its credit spread widens, the bond price tends to move lower, but, in many cases, the call option part of the convertible bond moves higher ( since credit spread correlates with volatility ).

If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, he may move in the wrong direction and may be unable to change his body momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.

If the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner will move into the forecourt to threaten the net reply.

If a " clinch " – a defensive move in which a boxer wraps his or her opponents arms and holds on to create a pause – is broken by the referee, each fighter must take a full step back before punching again ( alternatively, the referee may direct the fighters to " punch out " of the clinch ).

If the players roll the same number, they must roll again as the first move can not be a doublet.

If players cannot move either die in a roll, given the position of their checkers then that turn is over and the turn passes to the opponent.

If one die is unable to be moved, but such a move is made possible by the moving of the other die, that move is compulsory.

If the player to move has no legal moves, the game is over ; it is either a checkmate — if the king is under attack — or a stalemate — if the king is not.

If the patient's eyes move in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotation of the head, then the patient is said to have an intact brainstem.

If this process is repeated fast enough, the goat will appear to move smoothly to the left.

If the numbers describing the position of the pyramid were changed and this process repeated, the pyramid would appear to move.

If sections of the frame move in a simple manner, the compressor emits a ( slightly longer ) command that tells the decompresser to shift, rotate, lighten, or darken the copy: a longer command, but still much shorter than intraframe compression.

If the partition is removed, some molecules of A move towards the region occupied by B, their number depends on the number of molecules at the point considered.

" If we cannot move on to point B until we have proved point A, and if in order to prove point A we must establish it with absolute certainty, then it looks as though we will have a very hard time proving any point at all.

If, as seems likely from the name, these people were the continental remnants of the Jutish invaders of Kent, then it may be that the marriage was intended as a unifying political move, reconnecting different branches of the same people.

If we allow also the system boundary to move ( e. g. due to moving pistons ) we get a rather general form of the first law for open systems.

# If the remainder is 2, swap 1 and 3 in odd list and move 5 to the end ( i. e. 3, 1, 7, 5 )