If are independent and identically distributed random variables, each with a standard Cauchy distribution, then the sample mean has the same standard Cauchy distribution ( the sample median, which is not affected by extreme values, can be used as a measure of central tendency ).

If the affected bits are independently chosen at random, the probability of a two-bit error being undetected is 1 / n.

If it is assumed that social change is not only affected, but in some points of view, directed by the advancement of technology, is it ethical to hold these technologies from certain people?

If one body has much greater mass than the other, its velocity will be little affected by a collision while the other body will experience a large change.

If PKU is diagnosed early enough, an affected newborn can grow up with normal brain development, but only by managing and controlling Phe levels through diet, or a combination of diet and medication.

If the state opposes, the parts of the treaty affected by the reservation drop out completely and no longer create any legal obligations on the reserving and accepting state, again only as concerns each other.

If the dangers can be localised then the affected regions can be made into parkland or green belt, often with the added benefit of open space provision.

If the area affected by the boundary includes multiple jurisdictions a special urban planning agency may be created by the state or regional government to manage the boundary.

If the tossup would have affected the outcome of the game then the question is held for reevaluation, at which time points are adjusted if necessary.

If, however, a digit is corrupted in transmission, rather than added or lost, only a single digit in the plaintext is affected and the error does not propagate to other parts of the message.

If the auditory nerve becomes damaged then the affected person will become completely deaf in one or both ears.

If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states, ( and where appropriate a majority of people in any affected state ) vote in favour of the amendment, it is presented for Royal Assent, given in the Queen's name by the Governor-General.

If the affected child is a genetic female, she too will be a carrier.

If one partition is corrupted, other file systems may not be affected.

If so, the IGWG will invite representatives from the affected FBI division, other federal agencies ( if appropriate ), the affected United States Attorney's office, and IGWG member agencies to meet and further review the case.

If this is so, the Sherden, pushed by Hittite expansionism of the Late Bronze Age and prompted by the famine that affected this region at the same time, may have been pushed to the Aegean islands, where shortage of space led them to seek adventure and expansion overseas.

If the affected person is pale-skinned, the patches can be made less visible by avoiding both sunlight and the tanning of unaffected skin.

If the exposure is singular and all of the affected individuals develop the disease over a single exposure and incubation course, it can be termed a point source outbreak.

If UV / Vis spectrophotometry is used in quantitative chemical analysis then the results are additionally affected by uncertainty sources arising from the nature of the compounds and / or solutions that are measured.

If the receptor for growth hormone is itself affected, the condition may prove harder to treat.

If this disorder comes on immediately after the first appearance of the ear, the straw is also affected — but if the grain is nearly or fully formed, injury to the straw is less discernible.

* If eyes have been affected, to irrigate with copious amounts of room-temperature tap water for at least 15 minutes, and if vision blurs or the eyes continue to tear, hurt, swell, or show light sensitivity after irrigating, or there is any concern, to see a doctor as soon as possible.

“ If we do not get this right then we risk leaving more British citizens out of work, and the most vulnerable group who will be the most affected are young people ,” he said.

If the affected region is small, it is reasonable to observe the progression of the illness as the problem often spontaneously regresses and the hair may grow back.

If the Af bond is linear then there are three reasonable positions for the hydrogen atoms: ( 1 ) The hydrogen atoms are centered and hence all lie on a sheet midway between the oxygen sheets ; ;

If the combustion takes place using air as the oxygen source, the nitrogen can be added to the equation, as and although it does not react, to show the composition of the flue gas:

If oxygen saturations are low, supplemental oxygen should be provided.

If an explosive molecule contains just enough oxygen to convert all of its carbon to carbon dioxide, all of its hydrogen to water, and all of its metal to metal oxide with no excess, the molecule is said to have a zero oxygen balance.

If buried on hot coals or ashes, the heat can kill pathogens, the dry ash can desiccate, and the earth can block oxygen and further contamination.

If water is evaporated too quickly, the membrane dries, resistance across it increases, and eventually it will crack, creating a gas " short circuit " where hydrogen and oxygen combine directly, generating heat that will damage the fuel cell.

If oxygen delivery to cells is insufficient for the demand ( hypoxia ), hydrogen will be shifted to pyruvic acid converting it to lactic acid.

If superoxide ion associated to Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > is protonated the hemoglobin iron will remain oxidized and incapable of binding oxygen.

If un-aerated, the solution level is kept low enough that enough roots are above the solution so they get adequate oxygen.

If a hellbender ends up in an area of slowly moving water, not enough water will pass over its skin in a given time period, making it difficult to garner enough oxygen to support necessary respiratory functions.

If there is water, that means there is oxygen.

If oxygen, that means we can breathe.

If the core of the star is not too massive ( less than approximately 1. 4 solar mass, taking into account mass loss that has occurred by this time ), it may then form a white dwarf ( possibly surrounded by a planetary nebula ) as described above for less massive stars, with the difference that the white dwarf is composed chiefly of oxygen, neon, and magnesium.

If a red giant has insufficient mass to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon, around 1 billion K, an inert mass of carbon and oxygen will build up at its center.

If the bacteria possess catalase ( i. e., are catalase-positive ), when a small amount of bacterial isolate is added to hydrogen peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are observed.

If Theia had been a separate proto-planet, it probably would have had a different oxygen isotopic signature than Earth, as would the ejected mixed material.

If the sedimentation rate is low ( about 1 cm / kyr ), the organic carbon content is low ( about 1 % ), and oxygen is abundant, aerobic bacteria can use up all the organic matter in the sediments faster than oxygen is depleted, so lower-energy electron acceptors are not used.

If this was the case, Earth's free oxygen may have been nearly or totally depleted during a severe ice age circa 750 to 580 million years ago ( mya ).

If corrosion occurs, it occurs on the outside of the wire, not on the gas-tight contact where oxygen cannot penetrate to form oxides.

If this happens to such a degree that the patient cannot draw enough oxygen from his or her environment to maintain cellular respiration, then the victim may need supplemental oxygen.

If this is done through a pocket mask with an oxygen flow, this increases to 40 % oxygen.