If so, this is arguably insider dealing on a grand scale with the benefit of inside specialist knowledge of the business and resources of the firm not shared with outsiders like politicians and members ( and, perhaps, regulators ).

If the compromise was a rebuke to the most radical vision of the liberty of the Church, on at least one point its implication was firm and unmistakable: The king, even an emperor, was a layman.

If the firm is a perfect competitor in all input markets, and thus the per-unit prices of all its inputs are unaffected by how much of the inputs the firm purchases, then it can be shown that at a particular level of output, the firm has economies of scale if and only if it has increasing returns to scale, has diseconomies of scale if and only if it has decreasing returns to scale, and has neither economies nor diseconomies of scale if it has constant returns to scale.

If, however, the firm is not a perfect competitor in the input markets, then the above conclusions are modified.

If the roots are not firm and healthy, the tree will not survive-but the roots only form the foundation of the tree.

If the MRP is greater than a firm's Marginal Cost, then the firm will employ the worker since doing so will increase profit.

* If the price is between average total cost and average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, then the firm is said to be in a loss-minimizing condition.

* If the price is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, the firm should go into shutdown.

If the firm raises prices it will lose all its customers.

If the revenue the firm is receiving is greater than its total variable cost ( R > VC ) then the firm is covering all variable cost plus there is additional revenue (" contribution "), which can be applied to fixed costs.

If the firm decides to operate, the firm will continue to produce where marginal revenue equals marginal costs because these conditions insure not only profit maximization ( loss minimization ) but also maximum contribution.

If R < VC the firm should shut down.

This is because each point on the supply curve is the answer to the question " If this firm is faced with this potential price, how much output will it be able to and willing to sell?

" If a firm has market power, so its decision of how much output to provide to the market influences the market price, then the firm is not " faced with " any price, and the question is meaningless.

If the seller is a competitive firm, the tax burden is distributed over the factors of production depending on the elasticities thereof ; this includes workers ( in the form of lower wages ), capital investors ( in the form of loss to shareholders ), landowners ( in the form of lower rents ), entrepreneurs ( in the form of lower wages of superintendence ) and customers ( in the form of higher prices ).

" If the firm " actually copied code from a GPL'd program, such a suit would be a perfectly ordinary assertion of copyright, which most private firms would defend if the shoe were on the other foot.

If trying to decide between alternative investments in order to maximize the value of the firm, the corporate reinvestment rate would probably be a better choice.

If the firm also pollutes the atmosphere when it makes steel, however, and if it is not forced to pay for the use of this resource, then this cost will be borne not by the firm but by society.

* If a person is lying on his / her stomach with arms stretched in front and another person raises his / her arms about 2 feet off the ground and holds them there for approximately one minute, with the person on the ground having his / her eyes closed and head hanging, then slowly lowers the arms to the ground, it will feel as if the arms are going below the level of the rest of the body.

# If the addition of another vapour lowers the equilibrium vapour pressure due to the Raoult Effect

If severely injured, Time Lords can go into a healing coma which lowers their body temperature to below freezing.

If the first credit card company raises the limit to $ 2, 000 ; the ratio lowers to 30 percent ; which could boost the FICO rating.

If one then lowers the tops of the feet to the floor, one then will be in the seiza position.

If the icing is waved off, the official lowers his arm and gives the washout signal ( extending both arms sideways from the body at shoulder height, similar to the " safe " sign in baseball but typically delivered from a less-crouched or fully upright position ).

If the train approaches at a speed equal to or lower than the set speed, the trip arm lowers before the train arrives, and the train is able to proceed without further hindrance.

If either end needs to stop the data, it lowers its respective " data readyness " line.

Eastland manages to kidnap one of the mobsters, placing him, chained up above an industrial meat grinder. Eastland needs the safe number from the mobster to steal his money. After lowering the mobster dangerously close to the jaws of the meat grinder, the mobster gives up the safe number, as well as giving Eastland his set of keys. Eastland asks if there's anything else he should know ; the mobster replies " No ". Eastland repeats his earlier line ;" If you're lying ; I'll be back ". Eastland barely survives an attack by the mobsters Doberman ,( who he dispatches with an electric carving knife ). Upon returning, Eastland lowers the mobster into the grinder for lying.

If they buy, this boosts GDP ; if they rent or lease, this lowers GDP.

If the old fool argues about the price, tell him I shall order my husband not to treat him as a patient any longer.

If he thus achieves a lyrical, dreamlike, drugged intensity, he pays the price for his indulgence by producing work -- Allen Ginsberg's `` Howl '' is a striking example of this tendency -- that is disoriented, Dionysian but without depth and without Apollonian control.

If you have a higher-quality product, how can you make it stand out -- justify its premium price -- without the spoken word??

If a concessionaire runs the cafeteria, keep an eye out for quality and price.

If not, how long to order and what is the price ''??

If the assets used are not identical ( so a price divergence makes the trade temporarily lose money ), or the margin treatment is not identical, and the trader is accordingly required to post margin ( faces a margin call ), the trader may run out of capital ( if they run out of cash and cannot borrow more ) and go bankrupt even though the trades may be expected to ultimately make money.

If the creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates ( e. g. rating downgrade ) and its credit spread widens, the bond price tends to move lower, but, in many cases, the call option part of the convertible bond moves higher ( since credit spread correlates with volatility ).

If Wisda's Landscaping breaks the contract, and Neal Townsend is forced to hire another service for $ 60 an hour, expectation ( direct ) damages paid to Neal Townsend would equal $ 100 ($ 10 an hour, the difference in price between the original contract and the new contract ).

If results were left unadjusted for factors such as race, gender, and free or reduced price lunch program eligibility, private schools performed significantly better than public schools.

If the intrinsic value is higher than the market price it is recommended to buy the share.

If it is equal to market price hold the share and if it is less than the market price sell the shares.

If a commodity's value is not the same as its price, and therefore the magnitudes of each likely differ, then what is the relation between the two, if any?

If no minimum wage is in place, workers and employers will continue to adjust the quantity of labor supplied according to price until the quantity of labor demanded is equal to the quantity of labor supplied, reaching equilibrium price, where the supply and demand curves intersect.

* P-Max quantity, price and profit: If a monopolist obtains control of a formerly perfectly competitive industry, the monopolist would increase prices, reduce production, and realise positive economic profits.

If a company increases prices too much, then others may enter the market if they are able to provide the same good, or a substitute, at a lesser price.

If a PC company attempted to increase prices above the market level all its customers would abandon the company and purchase at the market price from other companies.

If the monopoly were permitted to charge individualised prices ( this is termed third degree price discrimination ), the quantity produced, and the price charged to the marginal customer, would be identical to that of a competitive company, thus eliminating the deadweight loss ; however, all gains from trade ( social welfare ) would accrue to the monopolist and none to the consumer.

If the monopolist practiced price discrimination he would sell the first unit for $ 50 the second unit for $ 40 and so on.

If a customer offers a top quality, brand-name valuable at too low a price the pawnbroker may turn down the offer, because this suggests that the item may either be counterfeit or stolen.