If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multidrug resistant ( MDR ) or, informally, a superbug or super bacterium.

If these preliminary results prove successful in larger trials, then At-DBF2 genes can help in engineering crops that can better withstand harsh environments.

If an organism lives half as long as others of its species, but has twice as many offspring surviving to adulthood, its genes will become more common in the adult population of the next generation.

If these genes are not expressed, the cell cycle does not continue, effectively inhibiting cell division.

If the signal requires upregulation or downregulation of genes in the recipient cell, often transcription factors will be downstream in the signaling cascade.

If a queen bee mates with one drone, her daughters share ¾ of their genes with each other, not ½ as in the XY and ZW systems.

If two genes are located close together on a chromosome, the likelihood that a recombination event will separate these two genes is less than if they were farther apart.

If in later years Picasso played down his debt to Gauguin, there is no doubt that between 1905 and 1907 he felt a very close kinship with this other Paul, who prided himself on Spanish genes inherited from his Peruvian grandmother.

If the variants of these genes encode slower metabolizing forms of ADH2 and ADH3, there is increased risk of alcoholism.

If the first step is positive, a second test, a PCR assay targeting the toxin genes, is performed.

If all genes are in linkage equilibrium, the effect of an allele at one locus can be averaged across the gene pool at other loci.

If, for instance, the meaning of human life and human desires is bound up with ancestral human biology (" to spread one's genes "), then what meaning do lives and desires have, and what serves as the basis of values when biology no longer forms a part of life?

If, on the other hand, you subscribe to a genetic theory of relevance then the study of genes becomes relevant.

If this happens, it is possible for the genes of these viruses to mix and create a new virus.

If one copy of the lac genes carries a mutation in lacI, but the second copy is wild type for lacI, the resulting phenotype is normal --- but lacZ is expressed when exposed to inducer IPTG.

If the success of an organism is measured by its ability to survive and reproduce, then all living organisms can be said to have inherited good genes from successful ancestors instead of less successful contemporaries.

If the mixing ratio is 0. 5, the offspring has approximately half of the genes from first parent and the other half from second parent, although cross over points can be randomly chosen as seen below:

If it is assumed that all or most of the ancient lineages still exist today, considerable recombination must have taken place as the two genes ' phylogenies do not agree much, indicating a healthy level of gene flow.

If people notice similarities in my voice or movements, then I guess it ’ s in my genes.

Kac intended to present the viewer with a philosophical problem, a dichotomy: If the viewer disagrees with allowing man to have dominion over nature as the quote from the Bible suggests, then in order to destroy the idea ( i. e. activate the UV light which causes mutation in the genes, thereby altering the statement ), he must assert his own power over nature, thereby in a way contradicting himself.

If, however, NER does not suffice to fix the damage, the LexA concentration is further reduced, so the expression of genes with stronger LexA boxes ( such as sulA, umuD, umuC-these are expressed late ) is induced.

If there is an '" altruism gene "' ( or complex of genes ) that influences an organism's behavior to be helpful and protective of relatives and their offspring, this behavior also increases the proportion of the altruism gene in the population, because relatives are likely to share genes with the altruist due to common descent.

If the treatment is successful, the new gene will make a functional protein.

If a heterozygote mates with another heterozygote, there is 75 % chance passing the gene on and only a 25 % chance that the gene will be displayed.

If she mated with a man with haemophilia ( another carrier ) there would be a 75 % chance of passing on the gene.

If the treatment is successful, the new gene will make functional protein to treat a disease.

If a siRNA is designed to match the RNA copied from a faulty gene, then the abnormal protein product of that gene will not be produced.

If a mutation occurs within a gene, the new allele may affect the trait that the gene controls, altering the phenotype of the organism.

If an upregulated gene is observed by an abundance of mRNA on the northern blot the sample can then be sequenced to determine if the gene is known to researchers or if it is a novel finding.

. If the gamodeme is very large ( theoretically, approaching infinity ), and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by the gametes within it, the gamodeme is said to be panmictic.

If the TP53 gene is damaged, tumor suppression is severely reduced.

If researchers were trying to initially determine the chromosomal location of a particular disease gene, they would analyze the DNA of members of a family afflicted by the disease, and look for RFLP alleles that show a similar pattern of inheritance as that of the disease ( see Genetic linkage ).

If the gene encoding the protein can be identified it is currently much easier to sequence the DNA and infer the protein sequence.

For example, in a negative feedback loop, the transcription factor acts as its own repressor: If the transcription factor protein binds the DNA of its own gene, it will down-regulate the production of more of itself.

If a mutation occurs in the second copy of the VHL gene, the cell will have no working copies of the gene and will produce no functional VHL protein.

If searching for microsatellite markers in specific regions of a genome, for example within a particular exon of a gene, primers can be designed manually.

If this gene is experimentally deactivated, the haltere will develop into a fully developed wing.

If the way that DNA is wrapped around the histones changes, gene expression can change as well.

If a family has a dominant gene for deafness it will persist across generations because it will manifest itself in the offspring even if it is inherited from only one parent.

If a family had genetic hearing impairment caused by a recessive gene it will not always be apparent as it will have to be passed onto offspring from both parents.

If testing shows that parent is a CFTR gene mutation carrier, the other parent is tested to calculate the risk that their children will have CF.

If the karyotype is 46, XY, testes develop due to the influence of the Y chromosome ’ s SRY gene.