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If the lifetime of this transition, τ < sub > 21 </ sub > is much longer than the lifetime of the radiationless 3 → 2 transition τ < sub > 32 </ sub > ( if τ < sub > 21 </ sub > ≫ τ < sub > 32 </ sub >, known as a favourable lifetime ratio ), the population of the E < sub > 3 </ sub > will be essentially zero ( N < sub > 3 </ sub > ≈ 0 ) and a population of excited state atoms will accumulate in level 2 ( N < sub > 2 </ sub > > 0 ).
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If and lifetime
If the descent were truly unbroken, father-to-son, since Confucius's lifetime, the males in the family would all have the same Y chromosome as their direct male ancestor, with slight mutations due to the passage of time.
If the rate of spontaneous emission, or any of the other rates are fast, the lifetime is short.
If there were no " alpha-sticking " of muons, each muon could, in principle, catalyze more than about ten thousand deuterium tritium nuclear fusion reactions during its brief 2 microsecond lifetime, which would allow it to be a feasible power source.
If this is a true quote, we can not only assume that Cornelia's reputation as a chaste, noble woman existed during her lifetime, but that the Gracchi used this to their advantage in their political rhetoric.
* If a Private Key Generator ( PKG ) is compromised, all messages protected over the entire lifetime of the public-private key pair used by that server are also compromised.
If the lifetime of the plant and the interest rate is known, the cost per kWh can be calculated.
If we're able to chart a course that will preserve what matters, it will be in large part due to both of you .” In 2011 McChesney was given the “ Communication Research as an Agent of Change ” lifetime achievement award from the International Communication Assn.
If marketers expect a product to become obsolete, they can design it to last for a specific lifetime.
If a member commits frequent or flagrant rules infractions, his or her membership can be suspended for variable amounts of time depending on the severity, from one month to lifetime.
If this is not done, a given class of energy technology may emit more carbon dioxide over its lifetime than it mitigates.
While criticality at fast energies may be achieved with uranium enriched to 5. 5 weight percent Uranium-235, fast reactor designs have often been proposed with enrichments in the range of 20 percent for a variety of reasons, including core lifetime: If a fast reactor were loaded with the minimal critical mass, then the reactor would become subcritical after the first fission had occurred.
If James died first, Madeleine would retain for her lifetime assets including the Earldoms of Fife, Strathearn, Ross, and Orkney with Falkland Palace, Stirling Castle, and Dingwall Castle, with the Lordship of Galloway and Threave Castle.
If the reduction in price more than compensates for the possibly shorter remaining lifetime, lack of warranty, and so on, there is a net benefit.
If Kirk loses, he promises a lifetime of entertainment in further competitions with the entire ship's crew.
If so, his influence may well have extended to the reformed communities which were associated with Tallaght, many of which were founded in Óengus's lifetime.
If a lifetime domain, however, files to transform into an annual ( regular ) domain, the postmaster rule shall no longer be in effect.
If has a comparatively long lifetime, then the result will be a transparent window completely inside of the-absorption line.
If this gem were to have been made during his lifetime ( he died in AD 14 ), it would have to have been made to be sent to a respected family in a Roman province or client kingdom.
If the DA's lifetime is governed by the principle of indifference and the Copernican principle then based on the length of its current existence, and assuming that it is randomly drawn from a reference class of probabilistic speculations it is 95 % certain that it will be refuted before the year 2500.
# If the Copernican principle applies to the lifetime of theories as well as species ( depending on the reference class evidence says it does ) then the chance of the ( relatively young ) DA surviving sustained critical analysis for the next 500 years
If one understands the term " soul " as a continuum of individuality from moment to moment, from lifetime to lifetime, then one can say that Buddhism also accepts a concept of soul ; there is a kind of continuum of consciousness.
If and transition
If there is one particular coordinate change that leads to a decrease in the total energy in both directions, the stationary point is a transition structure and the coordinate is the reaction coordinate.
If one eigenvalue is negative ( i. e., an imaginary frequency ), then the stationary point is a transition structure.
If I is ordered ( not simply partially ordered ) and countable, and C is the category Ab of abelian groups, the Mittag-Leffler condition is a condition on the transition morphisms f < sub > ij </ sub > that ensures the exactness of.
If the liquid is heated a little over 100 ° C, the transition from liquid to gas will occur not only at the surface, but throughout the liquid volume: the water boils.
If an atom is already in the excited state, it may be perturbed by the passage of a photon that has a frequency ν < sub > 21 </ sub > corresponding to the energy gap ΔE of the excited state to ground state transition.
If in every situation only one transition is available as continuation of the computation, then the result is a deterministic pushdown automaton ( DPDA ), a strictly weaker device.
If proto-bird courtship displays combined displays of forelimb feathers with energetic jumps, then the transition from display to aerodynamic functions could have been relatively smooth.
If the material superconducts in the absence of a field, then the superconducting phase free energy is lower than that of the normal phase and so for some finite value of the magnetic field ( proportional to the square root of the difference of the free energies at zero magnetic field ) the two free energies will be equal and a phase transition to the normal phase will occur.
If this theory is correct, then the transition to a conductive state could be explained by a rearrangement at the pore edge, in which the lipid heads fold over to create a hydrophilic interface.
If left untreated, hypomania can transition into mania and sometimes psychosis, in which case, bipolar I disorder is often diagnosed.
If each transition function
If the lost " recoil energy " is small compared with the energy linewidth of the nuclear transition, then the gamma ray energy still corresponds to the energy of the nuclear transition, and the gamma ray can be absorbed by a second atom of the same type as the first.
If, most large companies, which will comply with Indian accounting standards convergent with IFRS in the first phase, choose one of the international firms, Indian accounting firms and smaller companies will not benefit from the learning in the first phase of the transition to IFRS.
If a magnetic field is applied as the sample is cooled to the transition temperature, magnetization of the sample increases as described by the Curie law.
If the sample is cooled below T < sub > c </ sub > in the absence of an external magnetic field and a magnetic field is applied after the transition to the spin glass phase, there is a rapid initial increase to a value called the zero-field-cooled magnetization.
If Regency era is being used to describe the transition between Georgian and Victorian eras, the focus is on the pre-Victorian period from 1811, when the formal Regency began, through 1837 when Queen Victoria succeeded William IV.
If the chosen anti-aliasing filter ( a low-pass filter in this case ) has a transition band of 2000 Hz, then the cut-off frequency should be ≤ 20050 Hz to yield a signal with negligible power at frequencies ≥ 22050 Hz and complete pass of frequencies ≤ 20 kHz ( within the human hearing range ).
If we ask what is the probability of observing the system making a transition or quantum leap from to before has interacted with its environment, then application of the Born probability rule states that the transition probability is the modulus squared of the scalar product of the two states:
He pointed to Tilden's " phenomenal. 938 winning percentage ", said " If I had to choose someone to play for my life it would be Pancho Gonzalez ", praised Borg's uncanny transition from the French Open to Wimbledon, cited Sampras's " assault on the citadels of the past ", and called Laver " in my eyes, the greatest player ever ".
If a transition is enabled, it may fire, but it doesn't have to.
" If the matter can be forced out of thermal equilibrium to a sufficient degree, so that the upper state has a higher population than the lower state ( population inversion ), then more stimulated emission than absorption occurs, leading to coherent growth ( amplification or gain ) of the electromagnetic wave at the transition frequency.
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