If the binding of ligand at one site increases the affinity for ligand at another site, the macromolecule exhibits positive cooperativity.

If a molecular interaction or a protein conformational change is dependent on ligand binding, this FRET technique is applicable to fluorescent indicators for the ligand detection.

If and when the ligand is sugar they needs Ca2 +-hence the name " C-type ", but many of them dont even have a known sugar ligand thus despite carrying a lectin type fold structure, some of them are technically not " lectin " in function.

If a ligand for an orphan receptor is later discovered, the receptor is referred to as an " adopted orphan ".

If an endogenous ligand is found, the orphan receptor is " adopted ".

If the protein is a receptor, ligand binding may result in agonism or antagonism.

If the target compound being separated is a protein or enzyme, it is possible to incorporate a ligand to the target into one of the polymer phases.

If the judge finds such probable cause, he or she binds, or holds over, the suspect for trial.

For example, in a negative feedback loop, the transcription factor acts as its own repressor: If the transcription factor protein binds the DNA of its own gene, it will down-regulate the production of more of itself.

If the constricted object ( such as a temporarily whipped rope ) ends very close to where a constrictor binds it, a boa knot may prove a more stable solution.

If an inducer molecule is present, it binds to the repressor and changes its conformation so that it is unable to bind to the operator.

If PTB binds, it inhibits the effect of the 5 ' donor complex on the binding of U2AF to the acceptor site, resulting in exon skipping ( see c ).

If A1 repressor protein binds to the ESS, it initiates cooperative binding of multiple A1 molecules, extending into the 5 ’ donor site upstream of exon 2 and preventing the binding of the core splicing factor U2AF35 to the polypyrimidine tract.

If SC35 binds to the ESE, it prevents A1 binding and maintains the 5 ’ donor site in an accessible state for assembly of the spliceosome.

If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the Class I MHC molecule and the antigen and the T cell destroys the cell.

If those heavy metals react with free fatty acids in the oil medium that binds the pigments together, soaps may form in a paint layer that can then migrate upward to the painting's surface.

If an antibody binds to an antigen's epitope, the paratope could become the epitope for another antibody that will then bind to it.

If the protein binds DNA, the binding site is protected from enzymatic cleavage.

If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the beginning of lacZ called the lac operator.

If a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor with a reversal potential that is higher than the threshold potential for the postsynaptic neuron, the postsynaptic cell will be more likely to generate an action potential and an excitatory postsynaptic potential will occur ( EPSP ).

If the mutation occurs in the region of the gene where transcriptional machinery binds to the protein, the mutation can affect the way in which transcription factors bind to the protein.

If the primer initially ( during the higher-temperature phases ) binds to the sequence of interest, subsequent rounds of polymerase chain reaction can be performed upon the product to further amplify those fragments.

If rifamycin binds the polymerase after the chain extension process has started, no inhibition is observed on the biosynthesis, consistent with a steric-occlusion mechanism.

If any theme binds the characters together, it is a universal human desire for communion with the past.

He was quoted as saying, " If there is a simple, easy principle that binds everything I have done together, it is my interest in people and their relationship to things.

If the proposal is approved it binds all the debtor's creditors whether or not they have voted in favour of it.

If I even hint at it do you think it will matter that you are his nephew -- and not even a blood nephew ''??

If you tell him I made a pass at you he might think you misunderstood something I said or did, so instead of just telling him I made a pass, say I tried to date you and that you agreed so you could prove to him what a louse I really am.

If we look at recent art we find it preoccupied with form.

If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question, it has served as an exclamation.

If living Jews were unavailable for study, the Bible was at hand.

If in any one calculation Ptolemy had had to invoke 83 epicycles all at once, while Copernicus never required more than one third this number, then ( in the sense obvious to Margenau ) Ptolemaic astronomy would be simpler than Copernican.

If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.

If nothing else, at least two good songs came out of the project, `` Out Of This World '' and `` June Comes Around Every Year ''.

If his scholarship and formal musicianship were not all they might have been, Mercer demonstrated at an early age that he was gifted with a remarkable ear for rhythm and dialect.

If she were not at home, Mama would see to it that a fresh white rose was there.

If the hardships of the winter at Valley Forge were trying for healthy men, they were, of course, much more so for those not in good health.

If it proclaims that the best is yet to be, it always arouses, at least in the young, either a suspicious question or perhaps the exclamation of the Negro youth who saw on a tombstone the inscription, `` I am not dead but sleeping ''.

If a broader Atlantic community is to be formed -- and my own judgment is that it lies within the realm of both our needs and our capacity -- a ready nucleus of machinery is at hand in the NATO alliance.

If you're lyin' out in the hammock at night, and it gets kinda cool -- you know -- you just take these sides with the fringe on -- see -- and wrap 'em right over you.

Mr. Richard Preston, executive director of the New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, in his remarks to the Governors Conference on Industrial Development at Providence on October 8, 1960, warned against the fallacy of attempting to attract industry solely to reduce the tax rate or to underwrite municipal services such as schools when he said: `` If this is the fundamental reason for a community's interest or if this is the basic approach, success if any will be difficult to obtain ''.

If he were to go with White, he would be out there two days, not just listening in the dark at some point between here and Papa-san, but moving ever deeper into enemy land -- behind Papa-san -- itself.

If Joe doesn't show up, we'll all be back here at 0600 hours.

If he had any worries, it was only the small ones, about Mother in New York, and his daughter Edwina and what she might be doing at this hour, with her Aunt Asia, in Philadelphia.

`` If William agrees, we should insist on a public debate '', he said at length.

If we sit here reading editorials and looking at public-opinion polls and other reports that cross our desks, we should realize that this is raw, undigested opinion expressed in the absence of leadership.

If our national interest lies in being able to fight and win a war rather than committing national suicide, then we must take a much more penetrating look at ballistic missiles.

If our SAC bombers were, today, capable of surviving a surprise missile attack and because of infinite dispersion or long endurance had the capability to strike at Russia again, and again, and again, those bombers would unquestionably assure our military dominance.

If your state has no provisions for the numbering of pleasure boats, you must apply for a number from the U.S. Coast Guard for any kind of boat with mechanical propulsion rated at more than 10 horsepower before it can be used on Federal waterways.

If the lever is pulled to clear a signal or move a switch, the tappet moves a short distance lengthwise at the same time.

If the background of design is too smooth, or you wish to create a wood-grained effect, it may be added at this time with a dull tool such as the handle of a fine paintbrush.