If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

If light moves instantaneously, the telescope does not move, and the true direction of the star relative to the observer can be found by following the line ES.

If the relative priorities of these substituents need to be established, R takes priority over S. When this happens, the descriptor of the stereocenter is a lowercase letter ( r or s ) instead of the uppercase letter normally used.

If the orientation of the tangent relative to some starting position is θ ( s ), then ρ ( s ) is defined by the derivative dθ / ds:

If the index finger of the right hand is pointed forward, the middle finger bent inward at a right angle to it, and the thumb placed at a right angle to both, the three fingers indicate the relative directions of the x -, y -, and z-axes in a right-handed system.

If these three home construction projects were measured with the same PV valuations, the relative schedule performance of the projects can be easily compared.

If the cooling is sufficiently rapid ( relative to the characteristic crystallization time ) then crystallization is prevented and instead the disordered atomic configuration of the supercooled liquid is frozen into the solid state at T < sub > g </ sub >.

If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot.

# Affordable premium: If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that the insurance will be purchased, even if on offer.

If an officer were incapable, even if he were a close relative of the ruler, he ought to be demoted, even if it meant poverty.

If they formed in their current locations, their orbits must originally have been circular ; otherwise accretion ( the coalescence of smaller bodies into larger ones ) would not have been possible because the large relative velocities between planetesimals would have been too disruptive.

If the constituency is in a jurisdiction using list PR in its multimember districts ( MMDs ) the winning candidate needs a relative majority of the votes to win, so that the election in the SMD is by first-past-the-post.

If these relative frequencies are to define the probability, the probability will be slightly different every time it is measured.

If the instrument is designed to measure the spectrum in absolute units rather than relative units, then it is typically called a spectrophotometer.

If vellum is stored in an environment with less than 11 % relative humidity, it becomes fragile, brittle, and susceptible to mechanical stresses ; if it is stored in an environment with greater than 40 % relative humidity, it becomes vulnerable to gelation and to mold or fungus growth.

If a substance's relative density is less than one then it is less dense than the reference ; if greater than 1 then it is denser than the reference.

If the reference material is water then a substance with a relative density ( or specific gravity ) less than 1 will float in water.

" If a magnetic sail orients at an angle relative to the solar wind, charged particles are deflected preferentially to one side and the magnetic sail is pushed laterally.

If this is so, conventional relativistic effects such as time dilation would not apply in the way they would in the case of a ship moving at a very great velocity through flat spacetime, relative to other objects.

If the relative modal group velocities change with time, the speckle pattern will also change with time.

If the phase delay varies with frequency, harmonics may be sharpened or flattened relative to the fundamental frequency.

If a strong lens produces multiple images, there will be a relative time delay between two paths: that is, in one image the lensed object will be observed before the other image.

If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T, and **yr is the density of the fluid, then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af.

# If adiabats and isotherms are graphed severally at regular changes of entropy and temperature, respectively ( like altitude on a contour map ), then as the eye moves towards the axes ( towards the south-west ), it sees the density of isotherms stay constant, but it sees the density of adiabats grow.

If the boat floats, the mass of the boat ( plus contents ) as a whole divided by the volume below the waterline is equal to the density of water ( 1 kg / l ).

If the universe is flat, there must be an additional component making up 73 % ( in addition to the 23 % dark matter and 4 % baryons ) of the energy density of the universe.

If the vector field represents the flow velocity of a moving fluid, then the curl is the circulation density of the fluid.

If the carriers are holes, replace electron density by the negative of the hole density.

If a probability distribution has a density function f ( x ), then the mean is

If the density of the chain is variable then the analysis above can be adapted to produce equations for the curve given the density, or given the curve to find the density.

If the average density ( including any air below the waterline ) of an object is less than water it will float in water and if it is more than water's it will sink in water.

If the body is not homogeneous, then the density is a function of the position.

If μ is an unknown constant and W is random noise with probability density, then has probability density and is therefore a location family ..

If the air density and temperature are the same above and below a wing, a naive application of the ideal gas law requires that the pressure also be the same.

If the fluid being measured is significantly dense, hydrostatic corrections may have to be made for the height between the moving surface of the manometer working fluid and the location where the pressure measurement is desired except when measuring differential pressure of a fluid ( for example across an orifice plate or venturi ), in which case the density ρ should be corrected by subtracting the density of the fluid being measured.

If the random variable is real-valued ( or more generally, if a total order is defined for its possible values ), the cumulative distribution function gives the probability that the random variable is no larger than a given value ; in the real-valued case it is the integral of the density.

If they had any significant level of non-organic parts then something as simple as an x-ray scan would show them not to be human ( unless their creators designed the non-organic parts to have almost exactly the same structure and density as the organic components they were replacing, which would be both infeasible and highly improbable but not completely out of the question ).

If the tip is moved across the sample in the x-y plane, the changes in surface height and density of states cause changes in current.

If the turns of the coil are oriented perpendicularly to the magnetic field lines, the flux is the product of the magnetic flux density B and the area A through which it cuts.

If the flux in the core is purely sinusoidal, the relationship for either winding between its rms voltage E < sub > rms </ sub > of the winding, and the supply frequency f, number of turns N, core cross-sectional area a and peak magnetic flux density B is given by the universal EMF equation: