In 1099, Crusaders captured and fortified Bethlehem and replaced its Greek Orthodox clergy with a Latin one.

The crusaders arrived at Jerusalem in June 1099 ; a few of the neighbouring towns ( Ramla, Lydda, Bethlehem, and others ) were taken first, and Jerusalem itself was captured on July 15.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem had its origins in the First Crusade, when Godfrey of Bouillon took the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri ( Protector of the Holy Sepulcher ) in 1099 and was crowned as ruler of Jerusalem in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

This was done, and Jerusalem was taken by the Crusaders in 1099.

The first occurrence of a single manuscript of the daily office was written by the Benedictine order at Monte Cassino in Italy in 1099.

The rebuilt church site was taken from the Fatimids ( who had recently taken it from the Abassids ) by the knights of the First Crusade on 15 July 1099.

It was during the period of Crusader rule in Syria ( 1099 – 1291 ) that the Druze first emerged into the full light of history in the Gharb region of the Chouf Mountains.

Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( 1043 – July 10, 1099 ), known as El Cid Campeador (, " The lord-master of military arts "), was a Castilian nobleman, military leader, and diplomat.

The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Catholic kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade.

The kingdom lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks, but its history is divided into two distinct periods.

The first kingdom lasted from 1099 to 1187, when it was almost entirely overrun by Saladin.

Guillermi's version is mostly copied from other works with small additions or excisions from the papal biographies of Pandulf, nephew of Hugo of Alatri, which in turn was copied almost verbatim from the original Liber Pontificalis ( with the notable exception of the biography of Pope Leo IX ), then from other sources until Pope Honorius II ( 1124 – 1130 ), and with contemporary information from Pope Paschal II ( 1099 – 1118 to Pope Urban II ( 1088 – 1099 ).

1042 – 29 July 1099 ), born Otho de Lagery ( alternatively: Otto, Odo or Eudes ), was pope from 12 March 1088 until his death on 29 July 1099.

Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy ; his successor was Pope Paschal II.

His chief minister was Ranulf Flambard, whom he appointed Bishop of Durham in 1099: this was a political appointment, to a see that was also a great fiefdom.

This plan was later abandoned, but William continued to pursue a ferociously warlike defence of his French possessions and interests to the end of his life, exemplified by his response to the attempt by Elias de la Flèche, Count of Maine, to take Le Mans in 1099.

* 1099: after the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established, the Al-Aqsa Mosque was made into the residential palace for the kings of Jerusalem.

Year 1099 ( MXCIX ) was a common year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was founded in 1099 at the end of the First Crusade.

Pope Paschal II ( died 21 January 1118 ), born Ranierius, was Pope from 13 August 1099 until his death.

In 1099, the Crusader Tancred captured Galilee and established his capital in Nazareth.

When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187.

The knights arrived at Jerusalem, launched an assault on the city, and captured it in July 1099, massacring many of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.

He marched from Ma ' arrat, which had been captured in December 1098, into the emirate of Tripoli, and began the siege of Arqa on 14 February 1099, apparently with the intent of founding an independent territory in Tripoli that could limit the power of Bohemond to expand the Principality of Antioch to the south.

In 1099, the Crusaders captured Jerusalem, set up the Kingdom of Jerusalem and established a Latin hierarchy under a Latin Patriarch, and expelled the Orthodox Patriarch.

The city was captured by Crusaders in 1099, under the command of Prince Tancred, and renamed Naples.

It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successively held by the Greeks, the Armenians, the Seljuk Turks ( 1087 ), the Crusaders ( 1099 ), who established there the County of Edessa and kept the city until 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengi, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop ( see Siege of Edessa ).

In 1099 Jerusalem was captured by the Western Christian army of the First Crusade and remained in their hands until recaptured by the Arab Muslims led by Saladin, on October 2, 1187.

Al-Damun was captured by the Crusaders, who referred to it as " Damar " during their invasion of Levant in 1099, and remained in their hands unlike most of Palestine which was conquered by the Ayyubids under Saladin in 1187.

Fatmid control of Jerusalem ended when it was captured by Crusaders in July 1099.

In the year 492 AH ( 1099 AD ), Jerusalem was captured by the crusaders and its inhabitants were massacred.

In 1073 Palestine was captured by the Great Seljuq Empire, only to be recaptured by the Fatimids in 1098, who then lost the region to the Crusaders in 1099.

Jerusalem was captured from the Fatimids on July 15, 1099, after a long siege, and immediately the crusaders learned that a Fatimid army was on its way to besiege them.

Those who could not pay for their freedom were forced into slavery ; Saladin freed some of them, however, and allowed for an orderly march away from Jerusalem, preventing the sort of massacre that had occurred when the Crusaders captured the city in 1099.

The laws of both were said to have been written down from the very beginning in 1099, and were simply lost when Jerusalem was captured by Saladin in 1187.

Saladin acquiesced, and the two agreed that the city would be handed over to Saladin peacefully, preventing the sort of massacre that had occurred when the crusaders captured the city in 1099.

Shafer adds that, " When the crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they killed Muslims, Jews, and native Christians indiscriminately ".

* 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah.

According to tradition, the Colonna are a branch of the Counts of Tusculum — by Peter ( 1099 – 1151 ) son of Gregory III, called Peter " de Columna " from his property, the Columna Castle, in Colonna, Alban Hills.

Of others in South Italy and Sicily, the following are the finest: in Sant Andrea, Amalfi ( 1060 ); Salerno ( 1099 ); Canosa ( 1111 ); Troia, two doors ( 1119 and 1124 ); Ravello ( 1179 ), by Barisano of Trani, who also made doors for Trani cathedral ; and in Monreale and Pisa cathedrals, by Bonano of Pisa.

The first military orders of knighthood were the Knights Hospitaller founded at the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Knights Templar ( 1119 ).

This also agrees with the earliest known version of the legend, by Jean de Mailly, as he places the story in the year 1099.

As a better means of evaluating Urban's true motivations in calling for a crusade to the Holy Lands, there are four extant letters written by Pope Urban II himself: one to the Flemish ( dated December 1095 ); one to the Bolognese ( dated September 1096 ); one to Vallombrosa ( dated October 1096 ); and one to the counts of Catalonia ( dated either 1089 or 1096 – 1099 ).

* 1099: the Siege of Jerusalem by European Crusaders.

Jerusalem had recently been conquered by Christian Franks in 1099 during the First Crusade, and Melisende's paternal family originally came from the County of Rethel in France.

A monk of the Cluniac order, he was created cardinal priest of the Titulus S. Clementi by Pope Gregory VII ( 1073 – 85 ) about 1076, and was consecrated pope in succession to Pope Urban II ( 1088 – 99 ) on 19 August 1099.

Subsequently, in 1099, the armies of Count Palatine and Prince Herman encountered the forces of Zbigniew and Bolesław near Zarnowiec by the river Pilica.

Its location has not been established, but it was destroyed by the Crusaders when they took the city and massacred the Jews and Muslims in 1099.

The First Crusade ( 1096 – 1099 ) was a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquests of the Levant ( 632 – 661 ), ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem in 1099.

: This work is not to be confused with an ethical text by the same name, which, according to the Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume 14, p. 1099, was " probably written in the 13th century.

Thus, having recovered his stature, in the middle of the year he was sent by the princes to invite Kerbogha to settle all differences by a duel which the Emir subsequently declined ; and in 1099 he appears as treasurer of the alms at the siege of Arqa ( March ), and as leader of the supplicatory processions around the walls of Jerusalem before it fell and later within Jerusalem which preceded the Crusaders ' miraculous victory at the Battle of Ascalon ( August ).