Bishop Christian continued his mission in Sambia ( Samland ), where from 1233 to 1239 he was held captive by pagan Prussians, and freed in trade for five other hostages who then in turn were released for a ransom of 800 Marks, granted to him by Pope Gregory IX.

The town sided with the Pope in the temporal struggles of central Italy, and was besieged several times, and in particular in 1239 by Enzio, son and vicar of Frederick II and again in 1263 by Conrad of Antioch, who was captured at the nearby battle of Vallesacco, and held for several months in town in a small prison ( now in use as a caffé ).

Their rights were confirmed by a Papal Bull conferred by Pope Gregory IX on 14 February 1239.

During the first few months of his reign the new archbishop was on the side of the emperor in his conflict with Pope Gregory IX, but for unknown reasons went over to the papal party shortly after the emperor's excommunication ( 12 March 1239 ).

It is known that he travelled to Rome around 1239 to beg for a pardon from Pope Gregory IX.

Plans for a new crusade to be led by Frederick came to nothing, and Frederick himself was excommunicated by Gregory IX again in 1239.

Gregory IX and Frederick came to a truce, but when Frederick defeated the Lombard League in 1239, the possibility that he might dominate all of Italy, surrounding the Papal States, became a very real threat.

The expulsion, which was not reversed until 1656, followed a precedent set by other European territorial princes: Philip II of France had expelled all Jews from his own lands in 1182 ; John I, Duke of Brittany, drove them out of his duchy in 1239 ; and in the late 1240s Louis IX of France had expelled the Jews from the royal demesne before his first passage to the East.

The last Count of Mâcon and of Vienne died in 1224 and the lands passed to his daughter, Alix de Bourgogne ( Alice of Burgundy ); when her husband died in 1239, she sold the Mâconnais to Louis IX of France.

The pope again excommunicated the " self-confessed heretic ", the " blasphemous beast of the Apocalypse " ( 20 March 1239 ) who now attempted to conquer the rest of Italy, i. e. the papal states, etcetera.

In June 1239, Wenceslaus and Otto left the Reichstag at Eger, abandoning the service of excommunicated Emperor Frederick II.

He edited it again and again until he died in 1239.

He again faced forfeiture in 1239, but retained some standing by granting several castles to the king, including the Trilateral Castles ( Skenfrith, White and Grosmont ) in Wales.

In 1239 he began to rebuild the walls ; but they were again demolished by Da ' ud, the emir of Kerak.

In 1239, after a ten-year truce expired, he began to rebuild the walls ; these were again demolished by an-Nasir Da ' ud, the emir of Kerak, in the same year.

During battles with the Archbishop of Cologne, Jülich was destroyed in 1239 and again in 1278.

The dispute raged hotly from 1239 to 1245, with the chapter launching an appeal to the papacy.

Several treaties with neighbouring city-states, including Avenches ( 1239 ), Bern ( 1243 ), and Murten ( 1245 ), were signed at this time.

The treaty expired in 1239, and Bethlehem was recaptured by the Muslims in 1244.

In 1239 Emsworth was granted the right to hold a market ( in those days there were few shops and if you wanted to buy or sell anything you had to go to a market ).

Meanwhile, the treaty with the Ayyubids was set to expire in 1239.

The victory was short-lived, however, as the crusaders were then defeated by the Egyptian army at Gaza in November of 1239.

The territory of the former Principality of Jersika was divided by the Bishop of Rīga and the Livonian Order in 1239.

* Maredudd ap Rhys ( died 1239 ) was also given as a hostage, but was less fortunate than Hywel.

At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basilius and Longinus ( or, less frequently, year 1239 Ab urbe condita ).

Year 1239 ( MCCXXXIX ) was a common year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

Edward I ( 17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 ), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots ( from Latin: Malleus Scotorum ), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

The artist has perhaps tried to depict Edward's blepharoptosis, a trait he inherited from his father. Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster on the night of 17 – 18 June 1239, to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence.

Thus free from any allegiance to the King of France, de Montfort successfully petitioned for the English inheritance, which he received the next year, although he did not take full possession for several years, and was not formally recognised as earl until February 1239.

In February 1239, de Montfort was finally invested with the Earldom of Leicester.

The truce, hugely unpopular from its inception, expired in 1239 ; and Jerusalem was taken following a siege by the Khwarezmian Turks in 1244 .< ref >

Peter the Great (, ; 1239, Valencia – 2 November 1285 ) was the King of Aragon ( as Peter III ) of Valencia ( as Peter I ), and Count of Barcelona ( as Peter II ) from 1276 to his death.

Nevertheless one year later ( 1239 ) Henry was compelled to resign the regency, although he remained on good terms with the Dukes of Opole and Sandomierz and also managed to retain Greater Polish Kalisz and Wieluń.

In 1239, Henry II finally lost the Santok fortress, which was occupied by Brandenburg after his defeat in the Battle of Lubusz.

One of the first known uses of " Sarum " is on the seal of Saint Nicholas Hospital, Salisbury, which was in use in 1239.

The Malatesta family emerged from the struggles between municipal factions with Malatesta da Verucchio, who in 1239 was named podestà ( feudal lord ) of the city.

The Deincourt family had owned the land here since the 1170s and on the marriage of Elizabeth Deincourt to Sir William de Stirkeland in 1239, the estate passed into the hands of what became the Strickland family, who owned it until it was gifted to the National Trust in 1950.

Stephen V (,, ) ( before 18 October 1239, Buda, Hungary – 6 August 1272, Csepel Island, Hungary ), was King of Hungary from 1270 to 1272.

In 1263 Franciscan monks settled in the city, followed in 1239 by Dominicans.

* 1239: The Crown of Thorns is placed in the cathedral by St. Louis during the construction of the Sainte-Chapelle.

21 February 1257 ), married by 1239 to Casimir I of Kuyavia.

The relics arrived in Paris in August 1239, carried from Venice by two Dominican friars and for the final stage of their journey they were carried by the King himself, barefoot and dressed as a penitent, a scene depicted in the Relics of the Passion window on the south side of the chapel.

He was succeeded by his son William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (?– 1254 ) who married Sibyl Marshall and then Margaret De Quincy with whom he had his son and heir Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby ( 1239 – 1279 ), who became the next Earl.

Mentioned in the parody " Diary by Isaiah Berlin as told to Craig Brown ", Private Eye no 1239, 9 July 2009, in which Rowse plans a dinner for Princess Margaret at All Souls College.

As-Salih Ayyub eventually occupied Damascus in December 1238, but his uncle as-Salih Ismail took back the city in September 1239, although he himself was detained by his cousin an-Nasir Dawud in Karak in order to prevent his arrest by al-Adil.

# Edward I ( 1239 – 1307 ), married Eleanor of Castile ( 1241 – 1290 ) in 1254, by whom he had issue, including his heir Edward II ; he married Margaret of France in 1299, by whom he had issue.

* " Development and the " Washington Consensus "", in World Development Vol 21: 1239 – 1336 by John Williamson ( 1993 ).