1250s, or his son Henry III, d. 1294 )

On various occasions the popes found asylum from the tumults of Rome within its walls, and it was the meeting-place of five conclaves ( Perugia Papacy ), including those that elected Honorius III ( 1216 ), Clement IV ( 1285 ), Celestine V ( 1294 ), and Clement V ( 1305 ); the papal presence was characterised by a pacificatory rule between the internal rivalries.

The eldest, Hetoum II of Armenia, abdicated after four years in favor of his younger brother Thoros III of Armenia, but was placed back on the throne in 1294.

Michael IX Palaiologos married Rita of Armenia ( renamed Maria, later nun Xene ), daughter of King Leo III of Armenia and Queen Keran of Armenia on 16 January 1294.

# 18r: John, Duke of Brabant ( John I, 1252 / 1253 – 1294 )

Louis IV was Duke of Upper Bavaria from 1294 / 1301 together with his elder brother Rudolf I, served as Margrave of Brandenburg until 1323 and as Count Palatine of the Rhine until 1329, became also Duke of Lower Bavaria in 1340 and Count of Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland in 1345.

During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria, in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in the Bavarian " Nordgau " ( Bavaria north of the Danube river ) with the centre around the town of Amberg.

* John I, Duke of Brabant ( d. 1294 )

* John I, Duke of Brabant ( 1253 – 1294 )

John II van Brabant ( September 27, 1275 – October 27, 1312, Tervuren ), also called John the Peaceful, was Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg ( 1294 – 1312 ).

John I of Brabant, also called John the Victorious ( 1252 / 1253 – 3 May 1294 ) was Duke of Brabant ( 1267 – 1294 ), Lothier and Limburg ( 1288 – 1294 ).

# John of Gravina ( 1294 – 5 April 1336, Naples ), Duke of Durazzo, Prince of Achaea, and Count of Gravina, married March 1318 ( div 1321 ) Matilda of Hainaut ( 29 November 1293 – 1336 ), married 14 November 1321 Agnes of Périgord ( d. 1345 )

* Louis II, Duke of Bavaria ( 1229 – 1294 )

In a chronicle of 1652, Matthäus Merian stated that the town had been destroyed by Bogislaw of Pomerania, when after Mestwin's II death in December 1294 the Duke Przemysŀ claimed the town for Pomeralia, as he had done already five years before, and could not be persuaded to peacefully give up his claim and to withdraw from there.

* 1294 – 1296 Duke of Eastern Pomerania

# John I, Duke of Brabant ( 1253 – 1294 ) Married first to Marguerite of France, daughter of King Louis IX of France ( Saint Louis ) and his wife Margaret of Provence, and later to Margaret of Flanders, daughter of Guy, Count of Flanders and his first wife Mathilda of Béthune.

Mestwin II ( or Mszczuj II ) ( 1220 – December 25, 1294 ) was a Duke of Pomerelia, member of the Samborides dynasty.

Since 1622, the Warsaw arms have been rendered as a mermaid with sword and shield in hand, representing Melusina from the River Vistula ( Wisła ), who in legend led Duke Bolesław II of Masovia ( 1262 – 1313 ) to the appropriate site ( a fishing village ) and ordered him to found the city, in about 1294.

Guittone d ' Arezzo rediscovered it and brought it to Tuscany where he adapted it to his language when he founded the Neo-Sicilian School ( 1235 – 1294 ).

The name is derived from the abbey of the Minoresses of St. Mary of the Order of St. Clare, founded in 1294, which stood on such sites ; a " minoress " was a nun in the Second Order of the Order of Friars Minor ( or Franciscans ).

After defeating the Hariphunchai kingdom, king Mangrai decided to relocate his capital and in 1294, Wiang Kum Kam was founded on the eastern bank of the Ping River.

Newborough was founded by Edward I of England in 1294, to house the people he evicted from Llanfaes in order to build Beaumaris Castle.

Pilgrims who visited the site in 1294 reported only a small church protecting the grotto.

The new church was designed by Arnolfo di Cambio and approved by city council in 1294.

On August 29, 1294, the hermit Pietro del Morrone was consecrated as pope Celestine V in the church of Santa Maria di Collemaggio, in commemoration of which the new pope decreed the annual religious rite of the Pardon ( Perdonanza Celestiniana ), still observed today in the city on August 28 and 29: it is the immediate ancestor of the Jubilee Year.

The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294,

By 1294 the church of Tristeyldelane was described as “ not worth the services of chaplains ” in the Calendar of Christ Church deeds.

On August 29, 1294 Pietro da Morrone was crowned Pope there, as Celestine V, and as part of his coronation instituted a plenary pardon of sins for all who would visit the church, confessed and repentant, on the 28th and 29th of August of any year.

The church is located at 1294 Makawao Avenue,.

* 1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months ; Celestine hoped to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit.

Pope Saint Celestine V ( 1215 – 19 May 1296 ), born Pietro Angelerio ( according to some sources Angelario, Angelieri, Angelliero, or Angeleri ), also known as Pietro da Morrone, was elected Pope in the year 1294 in the last non-conclave papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.

Iyasus Mo ' a ( Iyäsus Mo ' a, " Jesus has Conquered " c. 1214 – c. 1294 ) is a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ; his feast day is 26 Hedar ( or 5 December ).

* 1294 – Temür, grandson of Kublai, is elected Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty with the reigning titles Oljeitu and Chengzong.

* Pope Celestine V ( 1215 – 96, r. 1294 )

Science 219: 1287 – 1294.

* 1294 – Pope Boniface VIII is elected Pope, replacing St. Celestine V, who had resigned.

Babur mentions in his memoirs, the Baburnama, that the stone had belonged to an unnamed Raja of Gwalior in 1294, who was compelled to yield his prized possession to Alauddin of the Khilji dynasty.

The first documented import of yew bowstaves to England was in 1294.

In a clear disagreement with Dante, in 1346 Petrach argued in his De vita solitaria that Pope Celestine V's refusal of the papacy in 1294 was as a virtuous example of solitary life.

Pope Boniface VIII ( c. 1235 – 11 October 1303 ), born Benedetto Gaetani, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.

Pope Celestine V abdicated on 13 December 1294 at Naples, where he had established the papal court under the patronage of King Charles II of Sicily.

A contemporary, Bartholomew of Lucca, who was present in Naples in December 1294 and witnessed many of the events of the abdication and election, said that Benedetto Gaetani was only one of several cardinals who pressured Celestine to resign.

The conclave began on 23 December 1294, ten days after Celestine's resignation, in strict accordance with the rules established by Pope Gregory X at the Second Council of Lyons of 1274.

* Notes on the Conclave of December, 1294 Dr. J. P. Adams ( with contemporary sources )

Born in Villandraut, Aquitaine, Bertrand was canon and sacristan of the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux, then vicar-general to his brother, the Archbishop of Lyon, who in 1294 was created Cardinal-Bishop of Albano.

Elected on 5 July 1294, he was crowned at Santa Maria di Collemaggio in the city of Aquila in the Abruzzo on 29 August, taking the name of Celestine V.

He issued two other decrees: one confirmed an earlier decree of Pope Gregory X that ordered the shutting of the cardinals in a conclave to elect a new pope ; the second declared the right of any pope to abdicate the papacy, a right that he himself exercised at the end of five months and eight days at Naples on 13 December 1294.

( c. 1214 – 1294 ), ( scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, meaning " wonderful teacher "), was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods.

In April 1294, the younger Bruce had permission to visit Ireland for a year and a half, and, as a further mark of King Edward's favour, he received a respite for all the debts owed by him to the English Exchequer.