King Philip the Fair of France officially launched the building of the bridge in 1303 while on a tour to Toulouse.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor ; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the Imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.

* Treaty of Paris ( 1303 ), between King Philip IV of France and King Edward I of England

Between 1295 and 1298, Edward sent three expeditionary forces to recover Gascony, but Philip was able to retain most of the territory until the Treaty of Paris in 1303.

In the 12th century it passed to the family of Lusignan, sometime also counts of Angoulême counts of Limousin, until the death of the childless Count Hugh in 1303, when it was seized by King Philip IV.

The precedents cited by Haller go back to the parliament held at Carlisle in 1307, at which date the tendencies of reaction against papal reservations had already manifested themselves in the assemblies convoked by Philip the Fair in 1302 and 1303.

It is said that Sciarrillo was involved in the attempted arrest of Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 by order of the French King Philip IV.

His influence over the king dates from February 1303, when he persuaded Philip to consent to the bold plan of seizing Boniface and bringing him forcibly from Italy to a council in France meant to depose him.

* Philip ( c. 1263 – November 1318 ), Count of Teano, married Mahaut de Courtenay, Countess of Chieti ( d. 1303 ), married c. 1304 Philipotte of Milly ( d. c. 1335 ), no issue

Boniface's quarrel with Philip the Fair became so resentful that he excommunicated him in 1303.

The family was descended from Sir Philip Courtenay ( 1340 – 1406 ), a younger son of Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon ( 1303 – 1377 ) but eventually itself in 1831 was officially recognised as having become in 1556 holder of the earldom inherited from its distant cousin.

* Sir Philip Courtenay ( 1340 – 1406 ), 5th or 6th son of Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon ( 1303 – 1377 ) by his wife Margaret de Bohun ( d. 1391 ), daughter and heiress of Humphrey de Bohun ( d. 1322 ), Earl of Hereford by his wife Elizabeth Plantagenet, a daughter of King Edward I.

Their successes, however, were rendered useless when, in May 1303, Philip formally signed a peace with England and omitted any consideration for the Scots.

By 1303 he was a licensed doctor of theology at Paris, being then listed among the few foreign masters who sided with Philip IV, king of France, in his dispute with Pope Boniface VIII.

However, on 7 September 1303, an army led by Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna surprised Boniface at his retreat in Anagni.

" He was preparing a bull that would excommunicate the King of France and put the interdict over France, and to depose the entire clergy of France, when in September 1303, William Nogaret, the strongest critic of the Papacy in the French inner circle, led a delegation to Rome, with intentionally loose orders by the king to bring the pope, if necessary by force, before a council to rule on the charges brought against him.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret and Sciarra Colonna led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

On 7 September 1303, the king's advisor Guillaume de Nogaret led a band of two thousand mercenaries on horse and foot.

Some naval raids and attempts to retake territory were made over the next ten years, but with the loss of the island of Arwad in 1302 / 1303, the Kingdom of Jerusalem ceased to exist on the mainland.

Several synods of minor importance were held there, and its university, founded by Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 and famed as a seat of legal studies, flourished until the French Revolution.

During the winter of 1303 the court of Edward I of England was held in the abbey, and on his departure next year most of the buildings were burned.

Later models were designated VW 1200, 1300, 1500, 1302 or 1303, the former three indicating engine displacement and the latter two being derived from the type number and not indicative of engine capacity.

In 1976, the optional Autostick transmission and the Super Beetle sedan were discontinued, with VW continuing to market the standard sedan and VW 1303 convertible.

From his marriage ( 1303 ) with Eleanor of Anjou were born:

They were defeated by the Mongols and their Christian allies at the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in 1299, but soon after that the Mamluks defeated the Mongols again in 1303 / 1304 and 1312.

* In August 2004, two female Chechen suicide-bombers were responsible for a serious security breach at the airport which destroyed two planes ( Volga-AviaExpress Flight 1303 and Siberia Airlines Flight 1047 ) and killed 90 passengers ( Russian aircraft bombings of August 2004 ).

A hundred foot soldiers were still employed as labourers on the castle in November and work continued during the Summer of 1303.

Between 1303 and 1318, the first church and independent parish were created there.

The Flemish were victorious in the Battle of Arques ( 1303 ).

The Crown Jewels have been kept at the Tower of London since 1303 after they were stolen from Westminster Abbey.

Hethum's gains against the Mamluks were short-lived, as in 1303, the Mamluks counter-attacked from Egypt.

The Armenians again joined forces with a sizable number of Mongol troops, 80, 000, on a Syrian offensive, but they were defeated at Homs on March 30, 1303, and at the decisive Battle of Shaqhab ( Merj-us-Safer ), south of Damas, on April 21, 1303.

Meanwhile the Ottoman Turks were threatening the empire and in 1303 the Catalan Grand Company under Roger de Flor offered to help defend against them.

The precise limits of the Genoese colony were stipulated in 1303, and they were prohibited from fortifying it.

The Mongols renewed their invasion in 1299, but were again defeated in 1303.

Between Bow Bridge and Channelsea Bridge there were three others, said in 1303 to have been built to fill the gaps caused by the cutting of mill streams through Maud's causeway, although there is evidence that the mills pre-dated the causeway.

Following Richard de Podnecott's attempted robbery of the Chamber of the Pyx in 1303 the coronation regalia ( such as St. Edward's Crown ) were moved to the Tower of London for safekeeping.

The coronet, alongside the English Crown Jewels, was kept in Westminster Abbey until 1303 before they were all re-housed in the Tower of London after it and the English Crown Jewels were all temporarily stolen.

* 1303 – The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.

In Montpellier, where he lived from 1303 to 1306, he was much distressed by the prevalence of Aristotelian rationalism, which in his opinion, through the medium of the works of Maimonides, threatened the authority of the Old Testament, obedience to the law, and the belief in miracles and revelation.

Family enmity with Pope Boniface VIII led to destruction of the fortress at Palestrina and to the seizure of the Pope at Anagni by Sciarra Colonna in 1303.

* 1303 – Battle of Roslin, of the First War of Scottish Independence.

* 1303: The period of the Crusades is over.

In 1302 or 1303, however, the Templars lost the island to the Egyptian Mamluks in the Siege of Arwad.

The lighthouse was badly damaged in the earthquake of 956, then again in 1303 and 1323.

The two earthquakes in 1303 and 1323 damaged the lighthouse to the extent that the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta reported no longer being able to enter the ruin.

* 1303 – Daniel of Moscow, Russian Saint, Grand Prince of Muscovy ( b. 1261 )

Blessed Pope Benedict XI ( 1240 – 7 July 1304 ), born Nicola Boccasini, was Pope from 22 October 1303 until his death.

At the time of the seizure of Pope Boniface VIII at Anagni in 1303, Boccasini was one of only two cardinals to defend the papal party in the Lateran Palace itself.

Pope Boniface VIII ( c. 1235 – 11 October 1303 ), born Benedetto Gaetani, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303.

Boniface VIII founded the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1303.

Dante settled his score with Boniface in Part One of the Divine Comedy, the Inferno, by damning the pope even before his death in 1303 ( the poet set the time of the poem as being in the year 1300 ) in the pit of those whose sin was simony.

He died of kidney stones and humiliation on 11 October 1303.

The body of Boniface VIII was buried in 1303 in a special chapel that also housed the remains of Pope Boniface IV.

In 1303, Edward invaded again, reaching Edinburgh, before marching to Perth.