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In 1384, the Teutonic Knights attempted to attack Ašmiany as a beginning attempt to destroy the hereditary state of Jogaila.
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1384 and Teutonic
In January 1384, Vytautas again promised to cede part of Samogitia, to the Teutonic Order, up to the Nevėžis River in return for the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania.
In 1384 he undertook his first journey to Prussia, in order to assist the Teutonic Order in their war against the pagan Lithuanians, who would convert to Roman Catholicism in 1386.
1384 and attempted
In 1384, an English raid attempted to set alight Inchcolm Abbey, but this again was foiled by the weather – in this case a strong wind blew out the flames.
A loose movement that included many members of the gentry pursued these ideas after Wycliffe's death in 1384 and attempted to pass a Parliamentary bill in 1395: the movement was rapidly condemned by the authorities and was termed " Lollardy ".
1384 and attack
In early February the Scots — apparently unaware of the conclusion of an Anglo-French truce on 26 January 1384 that included the Scots in the cease-fire — conducted an all-out attack on the English zones winning back Lochmaben Castle and Teviotdale.
1384 and beginning
By the beginning of 1384, Mary was engaged to Louis of France, who had been destined to marry her older sister Catherine and whose uncle was the Duke of Anjou.
Ioannina became a center of Greek resistance, and the Greeks of Ioannina offered power to three foreign rulers during this time, beginning with Thomas II Preljubović ( 1367 – 1384 ), followed by Esau de ' Buondelmonti ( 1385 – 1411 ), and finally Carlo I Tocco ( 1411 – 1429 ).
This marks the beginning of the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1381 – 1384 ).
1384 and state
Most Nichiren Schools, referring to their establishment, state the founding of their respective head or main temple for example Nichiren Shu the year 1281, Nichiren Shōshū the year 1288 and Kempon Hokke Shu the year 1384.
1384 and Jogaila
In 1384, Jogaila reconciled with Vytautas promising to return his patrimony in Trakai.
In 1384, Jogaila explored another option, presented by the Grand Duchy of Moscow and brokered by his Orthodox mother Uliana of Tver: converting to Orthodoxy and marrying Sophia, daughter of Dmitry Donskoy.
Hanul helped Jogaila to recapture Vilnius during the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1381 – 1384 ) and represented interests of merchants, who saw great trade potential between Poland and Lithuania.
In 1384 Vytautas and Jogaila reconciled and the civil war ended.
1353 or 1354 – 11 January 1397 in Kiev ; baptized 1383 / 1384 as Casimir ) was a regent of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for his brother Jogaila from 1386 to 1392.
Skirgaila was the chief supporter of his brother Jogaila and helped him to imprison both Kęstutis and Vytautas in Kreva castle during the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1381 – 1384 ).
Anna first comes to light in 1382 when her husband was imprisoned in the Kreva Castle by his cousin Jogaila during the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1381 – 1384 ).
In 1382, Grand Duke of Lithuania Kęstutis was imprisoned here during the Lithuanian Civil War ( 1381 – 1384 ) and subsequently murdered on the order by his nephew Jogaila.
1384 and .
1384.
* 1384 – Kanami, Japanese actor ( b. 1333 )
* 1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou ( d. 1384 )
Jadwiga (; 1373 / 4 – 17 July 1399 ) was monarch of Poland from 1384 to her death.
After two years ' negotiations with Jadwiga's mother, Elizabeth of Bosnia, who was regent of Hungary, and a civil war in Greater Poland ( 1383 ), Jadwiga finally came to Kraków and at the age of ten, on 16 October 1384 ( or 1385, sources vary ), was crowned King of Poland — Hedvig Rex Poloniæ, not Hedvig Regina Poloniæ.
John Wycliffe (; also spelt Wyclif, Wycliff, Wiclef, Wicliffe, or Wickliffe ) ( c. 1320 – 31 December 1384 ) was an English Scholastic philosopher, theologian, lay preacher, translator, reformer and university teacher at Oxford in England, who was known as an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century.
Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, with additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395.
In the final phase of his life in the years before his death in 1384 he increasingly argued for Scriptures as the authoritative centre of Christianity, that the claims of the papacy were unhistorical, that monasticism was irredeemably corrupt, and that the moral unworthiness of priests invalidated their office and sacraments.
Between 1372 and 1384, he became a Doctor of Divinity, making use of his right to lecture upon systematic divinity, but these lectures were not the origin of his Summa.
While he was saying Roman Catholic Mass in the parish church on Holy Innocents ' Day, 28 December 1384, he suffered a stroke, and died on the last day of the month.
* Anne Hudson and Anthony Kenny, " Wyclif, John ( d. 1384 )", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 6 May 2007
His uncle Kęstutis took him prisoner and a civil war ( 1381 – 1384 ) ensued.
Wycliffe himself translated many passages before his death in 1384.
** 1374 – 1384: Abou el-Abbas à Fès.
In the meantime, events in Naples took an unexpected turn when the Duke of Anjou died in 1384, leaving King Charles III able to lay claim to Hungary.
In 1383 and 1384, while studying theology at Paris, Jean Gerson was elected twice as a procurator for the French natio.
* 1330 – Louis II of Flanders ( d. 1384 )
Glyndŵr entered the English king's military service in 1384 when he undertook garrison duty under the renowned ' Welshman ' Sir Gregory Sais, or Sir Degory Sais, on the English – Scottish border at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
* 1384 – Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.
* John Wycliffe ( 1328 – 1384 ), was burned as a heretic 45 years after he died.
After a first reconciliation, with the death of Louis ( 20 September 1384 ), Charles found himself freer to resist Urban's feudal pretensions, and relations took a turn for the worse.
The next notice is a statement in the Scotichronicon, composed by John of Fordun between 1377 and 1384, and revised by Walter Bower in about 1440.
Teutonic and Knights
Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.
Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.
Category: Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights
For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.
In 1211, he granted the Burzenland to the Teutonic Knights in order to ensure the security of the southeastern borders of his kingdom against the Cumans.
However, the Teutonic Knights began to establish a country independent of the King of Hungary.
In the same year, Andrew expelled the Teutonic Knights from Transylvania because they had ignored his overlordship.
* 1242 – During a battle on the ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.
The marriage took place on 30 April or 16 October 1325 and was a purely political maneuver to strengthen the first Polish – Lithuanian coalition against the Teutonic Knights.
# Frederick ( b. Torgau, 26 October 1474 – d. Rochlitz, 14 December 1510 ), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
The Poles commanded by Piotr Dunin, consisting of some 2000 mercenaries decisively defeated the Teutonic Knights, having some 2700 mercenaries, commanded by Fritz Raweneck and Kaspar Nostyc.
The psychological significance was that this was the first open field battle won by the royal forces, so it increased the morale of the Polish forces and lowered the morale of the Teutonic Knights.
Duke Konrad of Masovia still was not capable to end the Prussian attacks on his territory and in 1224 began to conduct negotiations with the Teutonic Knights under Grand Master Hermann von Salza in order to strengthen his forces.
He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.
The Council also condemned and executed Jan Hus and ruled on issues of national sovereignty, the rights of pagans, and just war in response to a conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Order of the Teutonic Knights.
In 1411, the First Peace of Thorn ended the Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War, in which the Teutonic Knights fought the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
The propaganda war soon grew from a border quarrel to a fundamental dispute of the Teutonic mission – did the Knights have the right to wage the crusade?
The Teutonic Knights conquered the region and the inhabitants dispersed in the process.
After the defeat of the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively was under the sovereignty of the Polish crown ( 1466 ), the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1772 ), and Germany ( 1871 ).
Elbląg is the Polish derivative of the German name Elbing, which was assigned by the Teutonic Knights to the citadel and subsequent town placed by them in 1237 next to the river.
In 1226 Duke Konrad I of Masovia summoned the Teutonic Knights for assistance ; by 1230 they had secured Chełmno ( Culm ) and begun claiming conquered territories for themselves under the authority of the Holy Roman Empire, although these claims were rejected by the Poles, whose ambition had been to conquer Prussia all along.
The victorious Teutonic Knights built a castle at Elbing near, if not on top of, the destroyed Prussian town of Truso.
After building two ships, the Pilgerim ( Pilgrim ) and the Vridelant ( Friedland ), with the assistance of Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, the Teutonic Knights used them to clear the Vistula Lagoon ( Frisches Haff ) and the Vistula Spit of Prussians:
In 1440 several western and eastern Prussian towns formed the Prussian Confederation, which led the revolt of Prussia against the rule of the Teutonic Knights in 1454.
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