However, after the 1440 death of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, the Franconian cadet branch of the family was not politically united with the main Brandenburg line, remaining independent as " Brandenburg-Ansbach ".

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

Hartmann Schedel ( 13 February 1440 – 28 November 1514 ) was a German physician, humanist, historian, and one of the first cartographers to use the printing press.

It was in Strasbourg in 1440 that Gutenberg is said to have perfected and unveiled the secret of printing based on his research, mysteriously entitled Kunst und Aventur ( art and enterprise ).

Elisabeth was childless, and in 1440 made a treaty with her powerful neighbour Philip III, Duke of Burgundy that Philip would administer the duchy and inherit it after the Duchess Elisabeth's death.

Earlier, the guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as " the Devil's Invention ", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 ( who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.

The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses.

The word has an unknown origin and was originally ( c. 1440 ) used as a term for a short knife or dagger, probably related to Dutch spyd and / or the Latin " spad -" root meaning " sword "; cf.

The Prussian Confederation (, ) was an organization formed in 1440 by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia to oppose the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights.

Zürich was expelled from the Confederation from 1440 to 1450 due to a conflict over the territory of Toggenburg ( the Old Zürich War ).

Zurich was temporarily expelled from the confederacy in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of Toggenburg ( the Old Zurich War ).

He was active between about 1440 to about 1469.

The last of the Da Polenta, Ostasio III, was ousted by the Republic of Venice in 1440, and the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.

Frederick (; September 21, 1371 in Nuremberg – September 20, 1440 ) was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and Elector of Brandenburg as Frederick I.

Upon his death in 1440, Frederick was succeeded as elector by his second-eldest son, Frederick II.

Frederick II of Brandenburg () ( 19 November 1413 – 10 February 1471 ), nicknamed " the Iron " ( der Eiserne ) and sometimes " Irontooth " ( Eisenzahn ), was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.

Year 1440 ( MCDXL ) was a leap year starting on Friday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

Władysław III ( 31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444 ), also known as Władysław of Varna was King of Poland from 1434, and King of Hungary from 1440, until his death at the Battle of Varna.

This situation continued until 1440, when Władysław was offered the crown of Hungary.

Owen, their father, was eventually released on £ 2000 bail, but was pardoned in November 1439 ( and the bail cancelled in 1440 ).

His consequent promotion was rapid ; and the ambitious young cleric became a cardinal in 1440 and gained popularity through his tender-hearted generosity.

However, support for the idea of regionalism continued, so when Eric's nephew Christopher of Bavaria came to the throne in 1440, he managed to get himself elected in all three kingdoms, briefly reuniting Scandinavia ( 1442 – 1448 ).

Due to the growing dissatisfaction over King Eric of Pomerania among the Swedish nobility, Charles was in 1436 made Rikshövitsman, an office as Military Governor of the Realm and finally replacing the king as an elected regent from 1438 to 1440, as the result of the rebellion by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson.

Eric of Pomerania was forced to step down from the throne and in 1440 Christopher of Bavaria, was elected king in the Sweden, Norway and Denmark.

As Eric's nephew, Christopher, who was rather unfamiliar with Scandinavian conditions, was elected by the Danish State Council as the successor to his uncle, first as regent from 1439, and then proclaimed King of Denmark at the Viborg Assembly ( Danish landsting ) on 9 April 1440.

It was Leopold's descendant Frederick V of Austria, elected King of the Romans in 1440 and sole ruler over all Austrian lands from 1457, who reaped the fruit of Rudolf's efforts and laid the foundations of the Habsburg Monarchy.

At the age of 70 ( or 85, according to some sources ), he was too old to resume his struggle for the Lithuanian throne and more importantly had no support from the Council of Lords led by Jonas Goštautas ( Jan Gastold ), that in June 1440 elected Casimir Jagiellon, brother of Polish King Władysław III as Grand Duke.

Despite the declarations, after Sigismund's murder in 1440, the Lithuanians unilaterally elected Casimir IV Jagiellon as their Grand Duke.

By 1440, Elisabeth was the de facto ruling monarch of Hungary, and her orders were respected and carried out, though she was not yet elected by the council and confirmed as such.

Her only son Ladislas V the Posthumous of Austria, king of Bohemia and Hungary ( born 1440 ) died without issue, leaving the remaining kingdoms of the family to be succeeded by elected rulers.

** May 9 – Johann Schiltberger, German traveller and writer ( d. 1440 )

* May 9 – Johann Schiltberger, German traveller and writer ( d. 1440 )

The Lueneburg manuscript ( c. 1440 – 50 ) gives an early German account of the event:

* Rueland Frueauf the Elder ( German, 1440 – 1507 )

Johann ( Hans ) Schiltberger ( 1380 – c. 1440 ) was a German traveller and writer.

It therefore proved somewhat damaging that Sigismund of Luxemburg ( king 1410, emperor 1433 – 37 ) and Frederick III of Habsburg ( king 1440, emperor 1452 – 93 ) neglected the old core lands of the empire and mostly resided in their own lands.

In 1440, in the King's name, an invitation is said to have been sent to the young 6th Earl of Douglas and his brother, eleven-year-old David, to visit the king at Edinburgh Castle in November 1440.

Christopher of Bavaria or Christopher the Bavarian ; as king named Christopher ( Cristofforus ); Danish and Norwegian: Christoffer af / av Bayern ; Swedish Kristofer av Bayern ( 26 February 1416 – 5 or 6 January 1448 ) was union king of Denmark ( 1440 – 1448 as Christopher III ), Sweden ( 1441 – 1448 ) and Norway ( 1442 – 1448 ).

* Christopher of Bavaria, union king of Denmark ( 1440 – 1448 ), Sweden ( 1441 – 1448 ) and Norway ( 1442 – 1448 )

On the untimely death of Albert in 1439, Hunyadi was of the volition that Hungary was best served by a warrior king and lent his support to the candidature of young King of Poland Władysław III of Varna in 1440, and thus came into collision with the powerful magnate Ulrich II of Celje, the chief proponent of Albert's widow Elisabeth of Bohemia ( 1409 – 1442 ) and her infant son, Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary.

Between 1440 and 1443 there was a fighting between the castle of Bratislava, supporting king Ladislaus III of Poland, and the actual town of Bratislava below the castle hill, supporting ( and owned by ) queen Elisabeth.

On 5 March 1440 – 1441, the king endowed the college out of alien priories with some £ 500 a year, almost exactly the amount of the original endowment of Winchester.

In 1440 king Vladislaus III of Varna gave Poznań the right and privilege to seal documents with red, royal wax.

In 1440, the Norwegian privy council reluctantly deposed king Eric III ( 1383-1459 ), after Denmark and Sweden had done the same.