Johannes Kepler published his first two laws in 1609, having found them by analyzing the astronomical observations of Tycho Brahe.

Anderson especially notes Shakespeare never mentioned the spectacular supernova of October 1604 or Kepler ’ s revolutionary 1609 study of planetary orbits.

* Johannes Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ) published the first two of his three laws of planetary motion in 1609.

The structure was completed when Johannes Kepler wrote the book Astronomia nova ( A new astronomy ) in 1609, setting out the evidence that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus, and that planets do not move with constant speed along this orbit.

* 1609 – Johannes Kepler states his first two empirical laws of planetary motion, stating that the orbits of the planets are elliptical rather than circular, and thus resolving many ancient problems with planetary models.

He considered three cyclical movements of the Earth: eccentricity ( 100, 000-year cycle-Johannes Kepler, 1609 ), axial tilt ( 41, 000-year cycle-from 22, 1 ° to 24, 5 °; Presently, the Earth's tilt is 23. 5 °.

In Astronomia nova ( 1609 ), Johannes Kepler had used an elliptical orbit to explain the motion of Mars.

* 1609 – Johannes Kepler: first two laws of planetary motion

* Astronomia nova, a 1609 book by Johannes Kepler

What was needed was Kepler's elliptical theory, not published till 1609.

The spelling and names in both the 1609 – 1610 Douay Old Testament ( and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament ) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner ( the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English ) and in the Septuagint ( an ancient translation of the Old Testament in to Greek, which is widely used by the Eastern Orthodox instead of the Masoretic text ) differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions which are derived from the Hebrew Masoretic text.

He was involved in a brawl in Malta in 1608, and another in Naples in 1609, possibly a deliberate attempt on his life by unidentified enemies.

In 1609 Henry Hudson, on behalf of the VOC, outwitted his competitors by landing on the coast of New England in his quest for the Northwest Passage to Asia.

In April 1609 the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 204 adventurers led by Messrs Godfrey, Hall, Lull, and Robinson, who arrived in the ships Diana, the Penelope, and the Endeavour.

It is, indeed, not improbable that it was as a result of this war that Lord Ochiltree's Committee formed the Statutes of Iona in 1609 and the Regulations for the Chiefs in 1616 was induced to insert a clause in the Statutes of Iona by which ' marriages contracted for several years ' were prohibited ; and any who might disregard this regulation were to be ' punished as fornicators '".

Additionally, the Statutes of Iona were promulgated in 1609 to force an end to the Clan warfare between the MacLeods of Dunvegan and the MacDonalds of Eigg and Sleat as well as to create a more receptive path for Reformation and Protestantism by forcing the Chiefs of the Clans to encourage its spread and to finance the provisioning of Protestant minsters in their lands.

The area once known as the Turbary of Alberysheved between the River Teign and the headwaters of the River Bovey is mentioned in the Perambulation of the Forest of Dartmoor of 1240 ( by 1609 the name of the area had changed to Turf Hill ).

The political centralization of Okinawa by King Shō Hashi in 1429 and the policy of banning weapons, enforced in Okinawa after the invasion of the Shimazu clan in 1609, are also factors that furthered the development of unarmed combat techniques in Okinawa.

* 1609 – Shakespeare's sonnets are first published in London, perhaps illicitly, by the publisher Thomas Thorpe.

The first recorded exploration by the Dutch of the area around what is now called New York Bay was in 1609 with the voyage of the ship Halve Maen or " Half Moon ", captained by Henry Hudson, in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of Holland's stadholder Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.

The Tempest is considered by most Shakespearean scholars to have been written in 1610 – 11 and inspired by published and unpublished contemporary descriptions of the 1609 Sea Venture shipwreck on the island of Bermuda, and most especially William Strachey's eyewitness report, A True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight because of certain verbal, plot and thematic similarities.

In the English-speaking world, the Douay-Rheims Bible — translated from the Latin Vulgate by expatriate recusants in Rheims, France in 1582 ( New Testament ) and in Douai, France in 1609 ( Old Testament )— which was revised by Bishop Richard Challoner in 1749 – 1752 ( the 1750 revision is that which is printed today ), was, until the prompting for " new translations from the original languages " given by Pope Pius XII in the 1942 encyclical letter Divino afflante spiritu and the Second Vatican Council, the translation used by most Catholics ( after Divino afflante spiritu, translations multiplied in the Catholic world, just as they multiplied in the Protestant world around the same time beginning with the Revised Standard Version, with various other translations being used around the world for English-language liturgies, ranging from the New American Bible, the Jerusalem Bible, the Revised Standard Version Second Catholic Edition, and the upcoming English Standard Version Catholic lectionary ).

His father Dr. Ralph Cudworth, a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, was presented to the rectory of Aller, Somerset by his college, which held the advowson, in c. 1609 or 1610.

Samuel and Tacy Hubbard, two members of the First Baptist Church of Newport, pastored by John Clarke ( 1609 – 76 ), withdrew from that church and joined with Stephen Mumford, a Seventh Day Baptist from England, and 4 others, covenanting to meet together for worship, calling themselves Sabbatarian Baptists.

Prussia first set foot on the Rhine in 1609 by the occupation of the Duchy of Cleves and about a century later Upper Guelders and Moers also became Prussian.

Ludovico Ariosto, in his epic Orlando Furioso ( 1513 ), jestingly sent his hero to a Moon where everything lost on Earth eventually turns up ; but it was not until Galileo discovered ( 1609 – 1610 ) that the Moon had surface features, and that the other planets could, at least, be resolved into disks, that the concept that the planets were real physical bodies came to be taken seriously.

Galileo also fails to discuss the possibility of non-circular orbits, although Kepler's proposal of an elliptical orbit for Mars had been published in 1609.

His daughter Elinor married Quiney's son Adrian in 1613, and his son Henry married Mary Lane of Stratford in 1609.

In 1609, the Dutch East India Company hired Hudson, gave him two learned geographers, fitted him out with a ship called the Half Moon, and supplied him with Dutch sailors.

When the Half Moon put in at Dartmouth, England, in the fall of 1609, word of Hudson's findings leaked out, and English interest in him revived.

* 1609 – Richard Bennett, English Governor of the Colony of Virginia ( d. 1675 )

Arminianism is based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius ( 1560 – 1609 ) and his historic supporters known as the Remonstrants and is known as a soteriological sect of Protestant Christianity.

* 1609 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

* 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.

* 1609 – Eighty Years ' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.

* 1609 – Daimyo ( Lord ) of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.

But between 1609 and 1614 King Felipe III expelled thousands of Moriscos who had remained in Valencia after the Reconquista, due to their cooperation with Barbary pirates who continually attacked coastal cities and caused much harm to trade.

The end of the line for the Bandanese came in 1609 when the Dutch reinforced Fort Nassau on Bandanaira Island.

Responsible to the governor, town councils known as Cabildo administered local municipalities, the most important of which was Santiago, which was the seat of a Royal Appeals Court () from 1609 until the end of colonial rule.

As the first public bank to " offer accounts not directly convertible to coin ", the Bank of Amsterdam established in 1609 is considered to be the precursor to modern central banks.

* 1609 – Philip Warwick, English writer and politician ( d. 1683 )

The 1609 Douai Bible includes them in an appendix, but they have been dropped from recent Catholic translations into English.

* 1526 – Charles de L ' Ecluse, Flemish botanist ( d. 1609 )

* 1670 – King Frederick III of Denmark ( b. 1609 )

His government report on " The Virginia Colony " was submitted in 1609.

" Moreover, some scholars believe he was largely responsible for the drafting, in 1609 and 1612, of two charters of government for the Virginia Colony.

* 1609 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English historian ( d. 1674 )

He took a considerable part in the negotiations of the Twelve Years ' Truce in 1609.

The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted ( not completely accurately ) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years.