The poet Christian Wernicke was born in 1661 in Elbląg, while Gottfried Achenwall became famous for his teachings in natural law and human rights law.

* January 18-Antonio Vallisneri, Italian physician and natural scientist ( born 1661 )

Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet ( 1633-1708 ), speaker of the House of Commons, was elected member of parliament for Gloucester in 1661, and his influence at Court together with his natural abilities procured for him a position of weight in the House of Commons.

The philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig in 1646, and attended the university from 1661 to 1666.

Rijnsburg's main claim to fame is that the philosopher Spinoza lived there from 1661 to 1663.

Claude Buffier ( 25 May 1661 – 17 May 1737 ), French philosopher, historian and educationalist, was born in Poland, of French parents, who returned to France, and settled at Rouen, soon after his birth.

Early collections of English ballads were made by Samuel Pepys ( 1633 – 1703 ) and in the Roxburghe Ballads collected by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ).

* 1661 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, English statesman ( d. 1724 )

John Dutton ’ s successors as governor, Robert Stringer ( 1661 – 1670 ) and Richard Coney ( 1671 – 1672 ), repeatedly warned the Company of unrest amongst the inhabitants, Coney complaining the inhabitants were drunks and ne ’ er-do-wells.

* May 21 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, English statesman ( b. 1661 )

On 5 November 1661, Sir Robert Moray proposed that a Curator be appointed to furnish the society with Experiments, and this was unanimously passed with Hooke being named.

At the Restoration he was created Viscount Malden and Earl of Essex ( 20 April 1661 ), the latter title having previously died out with Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex.

Chemistry as an earnest and respectable science is often said to date from 1661, when Robert Boyle of Oxford published The Sceptical Chymist — the first work to distinguish between chemists and alchemists — but it was a slow and often erratic transition.

This led to a number of early collections of printed material, including those published by John Playford as The English Dancing Master ( 1651 ), and the private collections of Samuel Pepys ( 1633 – 1703 ) and the Roxburghe Ballads collected by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ).

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer KG ( 5 December 1661 – 21 May 1724 ) was a British politician and statesman of the late Stuart and early Georgian periods.

Harley born in Bow Street, London in 1661, the eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, a prominent landowner in Herefordshire and son of Sir Robert Harley and his third wife, the celebrated letter-writer Brilliana, Lady Harley.

Christopher Paston was Sir William's son and heir, and Christopher's grandson, William ( d. 1663 ), was created a baronet in 1642 ; being succeeded in the title by his son Robert ( 1631 – 1683 ), who was a member of parliament from 1661 to 1673, and was created earl of Yarmouth in 1679.

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford was born there in 1661.

Following the Restoration of the Monarchy, in 1661 the Parliamentarians who had been buried in Westminster Abbey ( Admiral Robert Blake, Denis Bond, Nicholas Boscawen, Mary Bradshaw, Sir William Constable, Admiral Richard Deane, Isaac Dorislaus, Anne Fleetwood, Thomas Hesilrige, Humphrey Mackworth, Stephen Marshall, Thomas May, John Meldrum, Admiral Edward Popham, John Pym, Humphrey Salwey, William Strong, William Stroud and William Twiss ) were disinterred from the Abbey and reburied in an unmarked pit in St Margaret's churchyard on the orders of King Charles II.

His manuscript collection was purchased by Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ), and passed with the Harleian Manuscripts to the British Museum in 1753 as one of the foundation collections.

* 1661 Talbot County-named for Lady Grace Talbot, the wife of Sir Robert Talbot, an Irish statesman, and the sister of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore.

This distinction begins to emerge when a clear differentiation was made between chemistry and alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist ( 1661 ).

Having been appointed the king's goldsmith in 1661, Sir Robert was one of those who lent large sums of money for the expenses of the state and the extravagances of the court ; over £ 400, 000 was owing to him when the national exchequer suspended payment in 1672, and he was reduced to the necessity of compounding with his creditors.

The Easington estate was passed to John when Robert was imprisoned for the second time, to stop it being sequestered by the crown. Two leases to John dated 1 November 1661 and 7 November 1661, put the estate in lease to John for 99 years, and the ultimate benefit of Ebenzeer ( Benjamin ) and Fairfax, the only other two sons alive at that time. That is why John is not mentioned in his father's will.

Immediately afterwards, however, the manor was acquired by Robert Jason, who, dying in the following year, was succeeded by his son Robert who was created a baronet in 1661.

* Robert Gordon of Straloch ( 1580 – 1661 ), Scottish cartographer

Bells cast in Compton Dundon can be found in nearby villages: Somerton ( a 1661 bell ) and Aller ( bells cast in 1638, 1640, and 1663 by Robert Austen ), for example.

Most of the knowledge of broadsides in England comes from the fact that several significant figures chose to collect them, including Samuel Pepys ( 1633 – 1703 ) Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ( 1661 – 1724 ), in what became Roxburghe Ballads.

* Chymistry ( 1661 ) – the subject of the material principles of mixed bodies ( Boyle ).

In 1661 Boyle defined an element as a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction.

Charleville was founded in 1661 by Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery.

His first book on the subject was The Sceptical Chymist, published in 1661, in which he criticised the " experiments whereby vulgar Spagyrists are wont to endeavour to evince their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury to be the true Principles of Things.

He is a major character in two Jacobean plays, the anonymous The Birth of Merlin and Thomas Middleton's Hengist, King of Kent, first published in 1661.

He also published Itinerarium per nonnuilas Galliae Belgicae partes ( at the Plantin press in 1584, and reprinted in 1630, 1661 in Hegenitius, Itin.

* Editio princeps published by Petrus Possinus in 1661.

In the American colonies, John Eliot of Massachusetts translated the Bible into the Massachusett language, also called Wampanoag, or Natick ( 1661 – 1663 ; he published the first Bible printed in North America ).

In 1661 the celebrated Fiat Lux, a work by the Franciscan monk John Vincent Cane, was published ; in it, the oneness and beauty of Roman Catholicism are contrasted with the confusion and multiplicity of Protestant sects.

They are: Cassandre ( 5 vols., 1642 – 1650 ); Cléopâtre ( 1648 ); Faramond ( 1661 ); and Les Nouvelles, ou les Divertissements de la princesse Alcidiane ( 1661 ) published under his wife's name, but generally attributed to him.

According to the BBC, it " started life as a jig with Irish roots, whose first appearance seems to be in a collection published in London in 1661 entitled ' An Antidote Against Melancholy ', where it is set to the words ' There was an old man of Waltham Cross '.

This theorem was never published by Desargues ( 1591 – 1661 ), but appeared in an appendix entitled Universal Method of M. Desargues for Using Perspective ( Maniére universelle de M. Desargues pour practiquer la perspective ) of a practical book on the use of perspective published in 1648 by his friend and pupil Abraham Bosse ( 1602 – 1676 ).

In his Sinicae historiae decas prima ( first published in Munich in 1658 ), Martino Martini ( 1614 – 1661 ) dated the royal ascension of Huangdi to 2697 BC, but started the Chinese calendar with the reign of Fuxi, which he claimed started in 2952 BC.

A modern translation of his Ars signorum ( Art of Signs, 1661 ) was published in 2001 in an edition that also includes his autobiography and other manuscript writings.

In 1661, following the Restoration, he published Songs and other Poems, containing songs on various subjects, followed by a series of political songs ; ballads, epistles, elegies and epitaphs ; epigrams and translations.

Since 1661, the Swedish Royal Library has been entitled to a copy of all works published in Sweden.

In 1661 Samuel Pordage published a pamphlet, ‘ Heroick Stanzas on his Maiesties Coronation .’ In 1673 his ‘ Herod and Mariamne ,’ a tragedy, was acted at the Duke's Theatre, and was published anonymously.

Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny ( in the original 17th-century Polish spelling, Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny ; full title: Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający, dla informacji pospolitej ; " The Polish Mercury Ordinary ") was the first Polish newspaper, published in 1661, first in Kraków, then in Warsaw.

He then lived for a time in Jamaica, of which he published an account in 1661.

Mention may also be made of his editio princeps ( 1661 ) of the treatise of Hippolytus the Martyr on Antichrist, and of his notes on Phaedrus ( with four new fables discovered by him ) published in Pieter Burmann's edition ( 1698 ).

The principal works that Holstenius actually published are notes on Cluvier's Italia antiqua ( 1624 ); an edition of portions of Porphyry ( 1630 ), with a dissertation on his life and writings ; notes on Eusebius Against Hierocles ( 1628 ), on the Sayings of the later Pythagoreans ( 1638 ), and the De diis et mundo of the neo-Platonist Sallustius ( 1638 ); an edition of Arrian's treatise on the Chase ( 1644 ), and the Codex regularum monasticarum, a collection of monastic rules ( 1661 ).

He published and edited for the first time the works of Abbot Guibert of Nogent ( Paris, 1661 ) with an appendix of minor writings of an ecclesiastical character.