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In 1685, King Louis XIV proclaimed " La Traite des Noirs ", which authorized the forcible removal of Africans from their homeland and their transport to work as slaves on the French sugar plantations.
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1685 and King
* 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland becomes King upon the death of his brother Charles II.
King James's policies of religious tolerance after 1685 met with increasing opposition by members of leading political circles, who were troubled by the king's Catholicism and his close ties with France.
After the death of Charles II in 1685, his Catholic brother King James II & VII was crowned.
King Houegbadja ( c. 1645 – 1685 ) organized Dahomey into a powerful centralized state.
In 1685, he wrote two of his finest anthems, " I was glad " and " My heart is inditing ", for the coronation of King James II.
* 1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
Although edicts from King Louis XIV's court regularly came to the islands to suppress the Protestant " heretics ", these were mostly ignored by island authorities until Louis XIV's Edict of Revocation in 1685.
The law, originally conceived by French Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert prior to his death in 1683, was finalized by his son the Marquis de Seignelay and presented to the King for his signature in 1685.
Upon the death of Charles II without legitimate issue in February 1685, the Duke of York became King as James II in England and Ireland and James VII in Scotland.
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 compelled him to take refuge in London where, under the sanction of King James II, he opened a church for the French exiles.
Joseph Clement was not only the candidate of Emperor Leopold I ( 1658 – 1705 ) but of all European rulers, with the exception of the King of France and his supporter, King James II of England ( 1685 – 88 ).
The provision was largely inspired by the case in England of Titus Oates who, after the ascension of King James II in 1685, was tried for multiple acts of perjury which had caused many executions of people whom Oates had wrongly accused.
; Dominion of New England: Created in 1685 by a decree from King James II that consolidated Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Province of New York, East Jersey, and West Jersey into a single larger colony.
* February 6 – James Stuart, Duke of York becomes James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland in succession to his brother Charles II ( 1630 – 1685 ), King of Great Britain since 1660.
* May 29 – King Charles II of England Scotland, and Ireland ( d. 1685 )
In 1685 King James II narrowly escaped shipwreck while sailing in the Solent.
Religious persecution in France became severe when King Louis XIV issued the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685, which revoked the Edict of Nantes, that had given substantial rights to French Protestants.
His grandfather, James II of England and VII of Scotland, had ruled the country from 1685 to 1689, at which time he was deposed when Parliament invited the Dutch Protestant, William of Orange and his wife the Princess Mary ( King James ' eldest daughter ) to replace him, in the Revolution of 1688.
In the 1685 Monmouth Rebellion, the rebel James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth was proclaimed King on the Cornhill in Bridgwater and in other local towns.
He escaped by disguising himself as his sister's footman, but was brought back to the castle after his failed rebellion against King James VII in 1685.
In 1685, the western border was finally established by King James II ; this was set as a line from Old Cape Henlopen ( presently Fenwick ) west to the middle of the peninsula and north up to the middle of the peninsula to the 40th parallel of Latitude.
The town was named for James, Duke of York, who would become King James II in 1685.
In 1685, Montagu's verses on the death of King Charles II made such an impression on the Earl of Dorset that he was invited to town and introduced to other entertainments.
1685 and Louis
* 1685 – Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy, mother of Louis XV of France ( d. 1712 )
* 1685 – René-Robert Cavelier establishes Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.
To regularize slavery, in 1685 Louis XIV enacted the Code Noir, which accorded certain human rights to slaves and responsibilities to the master, who was obliged to feed, clothe, and provide for the general well-being of their slaves.
Meanwhile, in October 1685 Louis signed the Edict of Fontainebleau ordering the destruction of all Protestant churches and schools in France.
In 1685, Louis XIV signed into law the Code Noir ( Black Code ), which regulated slavery in the French colonies.
Louis XIV was staunchly Catholic and he revoked the Edict of Nantes on 18 October 1685, undoing the religious tolerance established by grandfather, Henry IV, almost a hundred years before.
In October 1685, Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, renounced the Edict and declared Protestantism illegal with the Edict of Fontainebleau.
Fort Saint Louis was established in Texas in 1685, but was gone by 1688.
In 1685 Louis revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had previously granted various rights to French Protestants ; the subsequent royal crackdown was driven by the king's strongly anti-Protestant views.
* Maria Adelaide of Savoy ( 1685 – 1712 ); married Louis, Duke of Burgundy and had issue ;
Reparation faite à Louis XIV par le Doge de Gênes. 15 mai 1685 by Claude Guy Halle.
In 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes and declared Protestantism to be illegal by the Edict of Fontainebleau.
As a Huguenot, Papin found himself greatly affected by the increasing restrictions placed on Protestants by Louis XIV of France and by the King's ultimate revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
* 1685 René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle establishes Fort St. Louis.
The growing persecution of the Huguenots culminated with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685.
René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, established Fort Saint Louis as a French colony, from 1685 until 1689.
Finally, in October 1685, Louis issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, which formally revoked the Edict and made the practice of Protestantism illegal in France.
La Salle attempted to establish the first colony in the new territory in 1685, but inaccurate maps and navigational issues led him to instead establish his colony, Fort Saint Louis, in what is now Texas.
In 1685, Louis XIV started a program to move the Upper Rhine, change its course and drain the flood plain, in order to gain land.
When Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the Church began a campaign to send the greatest orators in the country into the regions of France with the highest concentration of Huguenots to persuade them of the errors of Protestantism.
In 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes and declared Protestantism to be illegal in the Edict of Fontainebleau.
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