Slow to learn the limits of Sweden's diminished strength, a party of nobles, who called themselves the " Hats ", dreamed of revenge on Russia and ruled the country from 1739 to 1765 ; they engaged in wars in 1741, 1757, 1788, and 1809, with more or less disastrous results as Russian influence grew after every Swedish defeat.

It was through his initiative, too, that the Convention of Klosterzeven was signed ( 10 September 1757 ), and on the 4 May 1758 he concluded a still more promising treaty with France, whereby, in consideration of Denmark's holding an army-corps of 24, 000 men in Holstein till the end of the war, to secure Hamburg, Lübeck, and the Gottorp part of Holstein from invasion, France, and ultimately Austria also, engaged to bring about an exchange between the king of Denmark and the Cesarevitch, as regards Holstein.

He then marched towards Delhi, in October 1757, the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II with courtiers such as Shah Waliullah, nobles such as Najib-ul-Daula, and the imperial family went to meet Ahmad Shah Durrani, whose forces then engaged the Marathas in combat and threatened to overthrow and execute the regime of Imad-ul-Mulk.

That ship engaged and defeated the French 50-gun Duc d ' Aquitain off Ushant on 30 May 1757.

An advocate from 1757, he was engaged in the Douglas peerage case from 1764 to 1769.

The most popular of his works was the Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times ( 2 vols., 1757 – 1758 ), a bitter satire which pleased a public depressed by the ill-success in the conduct of the war, and ready to welcome an attack on luxury and kindred evils.

In 1757 King George II gave the Old Royal Library and with it the right to a copy of every book published in the country, thereby ensuring that the Museum's library would expand indefinitely.

** Canton System, to control trade with the west ( 1757 – 1842 )

He wrote sentimental plays, Le Fils naturel ( 1757 ) and Le Père de famille ( 1758 ), accompanying them with essays on theatrical theory and practice, including " Les Entretiens sur Le Fils Naturel " ( Conversations on The Natural Son ), in which he announced the principles of a new drama: the ' serious genre ', a realistic midpoint between comedy and tragedy that stood in opposition to the stilted conventions of the classical French stage.

There are three types of epistolary novels: monologic ( giving the letters of only one character, like Letters of a Portuguese Nun ), dialogic ( giving the letters of two characters, like Mme Marie Jeanne Riccoboni's Letters of Fanni Butlerd ( 1757 ), and polylogic ( with three or more letter-writing characters, such as in Bram Stoker's Dracula ).

Not only had Durrani invaded the Punjab region many times, but had destroyed the holiest shrine of the Sikhs – the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, defiling its sarowar with the blood of cows and decapitating Baba Deep Singh in 1757.

The British East India Company, although still in direct competition with French and Dutch interests until 1763, was able to extend its control over almost the whole of India in the century following the subjugation of Bengal at the 1757 Battle of Plassey.

His 1757 Anleitung zur Singekunst ( Introduction to the Art of Singing ) is a translation of Pier Francesco Tosi's 1723 treatise Opinioni de ' cantori antichi e moderni with Agricola's own extensive comments.

Only with Muhammad III ( 1757 – 1790 ) could the kingdom be pacified again and the administration reorganized.

The Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne | Duke of Newcastle with whom Pitt formed an Second Newcastle Ministry | unlikely political partnership from 1757.

A coalition with Newcastle was formed in June 1757, and held power until October 1761.

He conspired with a number of figures to persuade the Hanoverians to revoke the Convention and re-enter the war on Britain's side, which they did in late 1757.

Neither the serious illness of the Empress, which began with a fainting-fit at Tsarskoe Selo ( 19 September 1757 ), nor the fall of Bestuzhev ( 21 February 1758 ), nor the cabals and intrigues of the various foreign powers at Saint Petersburg, interfered with the progress of the war, and the crushing defeat of Kunersdorf ( 12 August 1759 ) at last brought Frederick to the verge of ruin.

The book opens with a graphic description of the brutal public execution in 1757 of Robert-François Damiens, who attempted to kill Louis XV.

By 1757 as the immediate danger to Britain had passed the troops were moved back to Hanover to join a growing army under the Duke of Cumberland and Amherst fought with the Hessians under Cumberland's command at the Battle of Hastenbeck in July 1757: the Allied defeat there forced the army into a steady retreat northwards to Stade on the North Sea coast.

Charles Philippe with his younger sister Clotilde on a goatCharles Philippe of France was born in 1757, the youngest son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife, the Dauphine Marie Josèphe, at the Palace of Versailles.

In March 1741, the city endured a large-scale attack by British and American colonial troops led by Admiral Edward Vernon ( 1684 – 1757 ), who arrived at Cartagena with a massive fleet of 186 ships and 23, 600 men, including 12, 000 infantry, against six Spanish ships and fewer than 6, 000 men, in an action known as the Battle of Cartagena de Indias, part of the War of Jenkin's Ear.

In 1757, a number of changes were made to the interior to increase the visibility of the Mass, in accordance with changing religious customs.

Lady Dorothy was also descended from William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, who served as Prime Minister from 1756 – 1757 in communion with Newcastle and Pitt the Elder.

While both the ancient Greeks and Romans knew of algae, and the ancient Chinese even cultivated certain varieties as food, the scientific study of algae began in the late 18th century with the description and naming of Fucus maximus ( now Ecklonia maxima ) in 1757 by Pehr Osbeck.

In 1730, John Van Meter, with his brother Isaac ( 1692 – 1757 ), secured a patent for at the South Branch Potomac River, much of it located in present-day Berkeley County, from Virginia's Colonial Lieutenant Governor William Gooch.

* Wojciech Bogusławski 1757 playwright and director playwright

Colley Cibber (; 6 November 1671 – 11 December 1757 ) was an English actor-manager, playwright and Poet Laureate.

Harriet Lee ( 1757, London-1 August 1851, Clifton, England ) was a novelist and playwright.

Royall Tyler ( June 18, 1757 – August 26, 1826 ), American jurist and playwright who wrote The Contrast in 1787 and published The Algerine Captive in 1797.

The displacement of the old Italian comedy by the dramas of Pietro Chiari and Carlo Goldoni, modelled on French examples, threatened to defeat the society's efforts ; in 1757 Gozzi came to the rescue by publishing a satirical poem, La tartana degli influssi per l ' anno 1756, and in 1761 his comedy based on a fairy tale, The Love for Three Oranges or Analisi riflessiva della fiaba L ' amore delle tre melarance, a parody of the style of the other two poets.

The tiny pictures painted by the van Blarenberghe family are by many persons grouped as miniatures, and some of the later French artists, as Pierre-Paul Prud ' hon and Constance Meyer, executed miniature portraits, while others whose names might be mentioned were Joseph Werner ( 1637 – 1710 ), Rosalba Carriera ( 1675 – 1757 ), Pasquier, Carlo Marsigli, Garriot, Sicardi and Festa.

Cinzano vermouths date back to 1757 and the Turin herbal shop of two brothers, Giovanni Giacomo and Carlo Stefano Cinzano, who created a new " vermouth rosso " ( red vermouth ) using " aromatic plants from the Italian Alps in a recipe combining 35 ingredients ( including marjoram, thyme and species of Achillea called musk yarrow )".

Montucla in his Histoire de la Mathematique, which was published in 1757:

The opening of the Sankey Canal in 1757, followed by the Bridgewater Canal in 1761, which halved the price of coal in Liverpool and Manchester England, respectively, triggered a period of " canal mania " in Britain so that between 1760 and 1820 over one hundred canals were built.

Captain George Vancouver ( 22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798 ) was an English officer of the British Royal Navy, best known for his 1791-95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.

The Mughals suffered sever blow due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans due to which the Mughal dynasty were reduced to puppet rulers by 1757.

This led to the Battle of Plassey on June 23, 1757, in which the Bengal Army of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the French-supported Nawab's forces.

In June 1757 Cook passed his master's examinations at Trinity House, Deptford, which qualified him to navigate and handle a ship of the King's fleet.

A 1757 miniature ( illuminated manuscript ) | miniature of Emir Ahmad Shah Durrani, in which the Koh-i-Noor diamond is seen hanging on the front of his Crown ( headgear ) | crown, above his forehead.

The late calligraphic style of the Ottomans was created by Mustafa Râkim ( 1757 – 1826 ) as an extension and reform of Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the sülüs script as well as the neish script.

The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930.

Pitt drew up his plans for the campaigning season of 1757 in which he hoped to reverse Britain's string of defeats during the wars opening years.

The Continental campaign was carried on by Cumberland, defeated at Hastenbeck and forced to surrender at Convention of Klosterzeven ( 1757 ) and thereafter by Ferdinand of Brunswick, later victor at Minden ; Britain's Continental campaign had two major strands, firstly subsidising allies, particularly Frederick the Great, and second, financing an army to divert French resources from the colonial war and to also defend Hanover ( which was the territory of the Kings of England at this time )

After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns ( resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims ), the British government fell.

Construction on the star-shaped fort, which Lotbinière based on designs of the renowned French military engineer Vauban, began in October 1755 and then proceeded slowly during the warmer-weather months of 1756 and 1757, using troops stationed at nearby Fort St. Frédéric and from Canada.

Gervasio Antonio de Posadas y Dávila ( 18 June 1757 ( Buenos Aires ) – 2 July 1833 ( Buenos Aires )) was a member of Argentina's Second Triumvirate from 19 August 1813 to 31 January 1814, after which he served as Supreme Director until 9 January 1815.

In 1757, Massac County was settled by a French expedition, which built Fort De L ' Ascension for use during the French and Indian War ( also known as the Seven Years War.

All three sections are connected by the 4-lane Lamoille Highway, which also crosses 5765-foot ( 1757 m ) Lamoille Summit to connect with Elko.

In 1757, the Seven Years ' War having broken out, Cumberland was placed at the head of the Army of Observation, a force of German allies paid for by Britain which intended to defend Hanover from a French attack.

Hemmed in by the French, under Richelieu, he agreed to Convention of Klosterzeven, under which Cumberland's army was to be disbanded and much of Hanover was occupied by French forces, at the Zeven monastery, on 8 September 1757.

He worked for Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales making fanciful garden buildings at Kew, and in 1757 he published a book of Chinese designs which had a significant influence on contemporary taste.

* Designs of Chinese buildings, furniture, dresses, machines, and utensils: to which is annexed a description of their temples, houses, gardens, & c ( London ) 1757

They invited the civil engineer John Smeaton to make a new survey, which he did in late 1757, and produced a scheme which involved dredging shoals, making of cuts, the building of 26 locks, to overcome the rise of between Wakefield and the Halifax Brook, and the construction of a reservoir at Salterhebble bridge.