England abolished torture in about 1640 ( except peine forte et dure, which England only abolished in 1772 ), Scotland in 1708, Prussia in 1740, Denmark around 1770, Russia in 1774, Austria and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1776, Italy

* Nathan Hale Homestead, first established around 1740 by Deacon Richard Hale ( 1717 – 1802 ), the present structure has been standing since 1776 and was built to house the combined family of Deacon Hale and his second wife Abigail ( Cobb ) Adams.

During the American Revolutionary War, General Charles Lee rested his troops in Vealtown around the night of December 12 to 13, 1776.

With the advent of independence, the Virginia Legislature established a town around the spring in December 1776.

Although the term " sons of liberty " had been used in a generic fashion well before 1765, it was only around February 1766 that its influence as an organized group, using the formal name " Sons of Liberty ", extended throughout the colonies, leading to the development of a pattern for future resistance to the British that would carry the colonies towards 1776.

By 1776 and the War of Independence, around 2, 000 Jews lived in America, most of them Sephardic Jews of Spanish and Portuguese origin.

The major themes of her plays ; including her first, The Runaway ( 1776 ), and her major hit which is being revived, The Belle's Stratagem ( 1780 ); revolve around marriage and how women strive to overcome the injustices imposed by family life and social custom.

Christian William Anthony Katterfelto ( known as Gustavus ) arrived at Hull in September 1776 and traveled around Britain until his death in 1799.

Pymble is named after Robert Pymble ( 1776 – 1861 ), an influential early settler whose 1823 land grant comprised some 600 acres, around half the land of the region.

It was two years after Padre Palou's visit that Padre Font, on the De Anza Expedition's way back to Mexico after founding San Francisco, measured the giant redwood " five and a half yards around " in his diary on March 30, 1776.

Among her significant works is a symphony for two oboes, two flutes, two violins, and double bass ( 1765 ), a tripartite oratorio ( 1768 ), a Singspiel called Erwin und Elmire ( 1776 ), based on a text by Goethe, and a divertimento for piano, clarinet, viola, and violoncello ( around 1780 ).

The Battle of the Rice Boats, also called the Battle of Yamacraw Bluff, was a land and naval battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in and around the Savannah River on the border between the Province of Georgia and the Province of South Carolina on March 2 and 3, 1776.

Arriving in Canada with the Brunswick army in the winter of 1776, Burgoyne detailed Baum with around 600 Brunswickers, British, and Indians from Fort Edward to try to collect provisions, horses, and Loyalist reinforcements for Burgoyne's main force for the march south toward Albany.

On January 20, 1776, General Schuyler, with a force of Continental troops and the Tryon County militia numbering around 3, 000, disarmed Johnson and about 300 of his Loyalist supporters ; Schuyler paroled Johnson.

The actions took place between May 19 and 27, 1776, at and around Les Cèdres, Quebec ( located 28 miles / 45 km west of Montreal ), in the later stages of the American colonial invasion of Quebec that began in September 1775.

* Thomas H. Raddall's novel His Majesty's Yankees ( Doubleday, New York, 1942 ) is centered around the Siege of Fort Cumberland in 1776.

Five battles comprising the New York Campaign were fought around the city's then limits in late 1776, beginning with the Battle of Long Island in Brooklyn on August 27 — the largest battle of the entire war.

* Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first leader of free modern Greece ( 1776 – 1831 ), had a large building erected ; intended as a barracks, it was subsequently used as a museum, a library and a school.

The Scottish philosopher David Hume ( 1711 – 1776 ) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism.

Often called " the first modern historian ", the English scholar Edward Gibbon wrote his magnum opus, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire ( 1776 – 1788 ).

In 1776, Timur Shah Durrani made it the capital of the modern state of Afghanistan.

* 1776: The Wealth of Nations, foundation of the modern theory of economy, was published by Adam Smith

He was inspired by German scholar Barthold Georg Niebuhr ( 1776 – 1831 ), a founder of modern German historiography.

It immediately preceded the first modern school, classical economics, which began with the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776.

The 18th-century Enlightenment philosopher David Hume ( 1711 – 1776 ) serves in several important respects as the father both of modern emotivism and of moral relativism, though Hume himself did not espouse relativism.

It was substantially reorganized in 1776 and 1777, with land swapped with both Stafford and Westmoreland Counties to form the modern boundaries.

Barthold Georg Niebuhr ( August 27, 1776, Copenhagen – January 2, 1831, Bonn ) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who became Germany's leading historian of Ancient Rome and a founding father of modern scholarly historiography.

In 1776, he bought the old pottery works at Stoke which had formerly been the property of William Banks ( in partnership with Turner ), on the same site as the later Spode factory which continued operating into modern times.

All through the 18th century ( that is, well before the founding of modern political economy, conventionally marked by Adam Smith's 1776 Wealth of Nations ) simple probabilistic models were used to understand the economics of insurance.

The Maryland Constitution of 1776 formally established the modern House of Delegates.

There had been at least two earlier comparable pogroms in the modern history of Iraqi Jews, in Basra in 1776 and in Baghdad in 1828.

A modern replica of Fort Randolph ( West Virginia ) | Fort Randolph, which Americans built along the Ohio River in 1776.

It was only twice reprinted before modern facsimiles ( 1776 & 1905, those including the later trip to Persia & India, where Coryat died ), and the first edition is quite rare today.

* Lady Hester Stanhope ( 1776 – 1839 ) the first modern " Holy Land " archaeologist, also a memoirist:

The last of the direct descendants of Simon Grynaeus was his namesake Simon ( 1725 – 1799 ), translator into German of French and English anti-deistical works, and author of a version of the Bible in modern German ( 1776 ).

The first modern coursing club was established at Swaffham in 1776, and the National Coursing Club was founded to regulate the sport in 1858.

* VA / PA Boundary Rootsweb article and map concerning the boundary dispute, with official descriptions of the boundaries of the three counties formed from the District of West Augusta in 1776, with a map of the three counties overlaid upon a modern map.

In his influential work The Wealth of Nations ( 1776 ), economist Adam Smith comments that standing armies are a sign of modernizing society as modern warfare requires increased skill and discipline of regularly trained standing armies.

The date " 1776 " on the modern U. S. Army's intelligence service seal refers to the formation of Knowlton's Rangers.

The Junta operated at El Fuerte ( the fort, where the modern Casa Rosada stands ), which had been used since 1776 as a residence by the Viceroys.

The division of labour was initially discussed by Adam Smith, regarding the manufacture of pins, in his book The Wealth of Nations ( published in 1776 ).

Adam Smith discusses the division of labour in the manufacture of pins at length in his book The Wealth of Nations ( published in 1776 ).

As can be seen in the texts, the French declaration is heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment, and by Enlightenment principles of human rights, some of which it shares with the U. S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it ( 4 July 1776 ).

Edvard Munch was related to painter Jacob Munch ( 1776 – 1839 ) and historian Peter Andreas Munch ( 1810 – 1863 ).

( 1774 ), a satire about King George, The Prophecy ( 1776 ), and The Political Catechism ( 1777 ).

In the 18th century Adam Smith popularized the forms " feudal government " and " feudal system " in his book Wealth of Nations ( 1776 ).

Hans Egede's Hope Colony was organized under the auspices of the Bergen Greenland Company prior to its bankruptcy in 1727 ; it was succeeded by the merchant Jacob Severin ( 1733 – 1749 ), the General Trade Company ( Det almindelige Handelskompagni ; 1749 – 1774 ), and finally the Royal Greenland Trading Department ( KGH ; 1776 – 1908 ).

In 1776 he married Eva König, who was then a widow, in Jork ( near Hamburg ).

The couple had six children: James ( 1763 – 94 ), Nathaniel ( 1764 – 81 ), Elizabeth ( 1767 – 71 ), Joseph ( 1768 – 68 ), George ( 1772 – 72 ) and Hugh ( 1776 – 93 ).

are to be found chiefly in the Mémoires concernant l ' histoire, les sciences et les arts des Chinois ( 15 volumes, Paris, 1776 – 1791 ).

400 AD ), Ada Lovelace ( 1815 – 1852 ), Maria Gaetana Agnesi ( 1718 – 1799 ), Emmy Noether ( 1882 – 1935 ), Sophie Germain ( 1776 – 1831 ), Sofia Kovalevskaya ( 1850 – 1891 ), Alicia Boole Stott ( 1860 – 1940 ), Rózsa Péter ( 1905 – 1977 ), Julia Robinson ( 1919 – 1985 ), Olga Taussky-Todd ( 1906 – 1995 ), Émilie du Châtelet ( 1706 – 1749 ), Mary Cartwright ( 1900 – 1998 ), Olga Ladyzhenskaya ( 1922 – 2004 ), and Olga Oleinik ( 1925 – 2001 ).

" Other theories include those in Johann Friedrich Breithaupt's Christliche Helden Insel Malta (), published in 1632, where he calls Maltese a mixed ' barbaric ' language and John Dryden's description of the language as ' Berber ' on his visit to the islands ( the memoirs of those journeys appeared in 1776 ).

Civic-national ideals influenced the development of representative democracy in countries such as the United States and France ( see the United States Declaration of Independence of 1776, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 ).

* 1776 – According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in New York Harbor ( no British records of this attack exist ).

) – July 4, 1826 ) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) and the third President of the United States ( 1801 – 1809 ).

Prior to Independence, Thomas Mifflin was a member of Pennsylvania's Provincial Assembly ( 1772 – 1776 ).

*** Washington Bicentennial 1975 – 1976 ( all were dated 1776 – 1976 ).

He married Helena Cookes ( an amateur botanical illustrator, and erstwhile patient of his ) in 1772 ; they had three children ( the first, Helena was born in 1775 but died a few days later, William was born in 1776, and Charlotte in 1778 ).

During the Rococo era Portraiture was an important component of painting in all countries, but especially in Great Britain, where the leaders were William Hogarth ( 1697 – 1764 ), in a blunt realist style, and Francis Hayman ( 1708 – 1776 ), Angelica Kauffman who was Swiss, ( 1741 – 1807 ), Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds ( 1723 – 1792 ), in more flattering styles influenced by Antony Van Dyck ( 1599 – 1641 ).

Among the most important were the Journal Œconomique ( 1721 – 1772 ), which promoted agronomy and rational husbandry and the Journal du commerce ( 1759 – 1762 ), which was heavily influenced by the Irishman Richard Cantillon ( 1680 – 1734 ), and two dominated by physiocrats ; the Journal de l ' agriculture, du commerce et des finances ( 1765 – 1774 ) and the Ephémérides du citoyen ( 1767 – 1772 and 1774 – 1776 ).

* " Short Review of the Declaration " ( 1776 ).

* Fragment on Government ( 1776 ).

From here he fought a guerrilla war against settlers, the Chickamauga Wars ( 1776 – 1794 ).

The first US explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley ( the Dominguez-Escalante expedition of 1776 were undoubtedly cognizant of the Salt Lake valley ).