* 6 July 1796 – 1 December 1825: His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia

He retired from that post in February 1795, to be replaced by the Duke of York, and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal on 2 August 1796.

# Prince Benedetto Maria Maurizio of Savoy ( 1741 – 1808 ), Duke of Chablais (- 1796 ) and Marquis of Ivrea ( 1796 – 1808 ).

In 1796, during the British occupation of the Cape, Major-General Sir James Craig ordered three blockhouses to be built on Table Mountain: the King's blockhouse, Duke of York blockhouse ( later renamed Queen's blockhouse ) and the Prince of Wales blockhouse.

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

As a boy, Novello was a chorister at the Sardinian chapel in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, where he learnt the organ ; and from 1796 to 1822 he became in succession organist of the Sardinian, Spanish ( in Manchester Square ) and Portuguese ( in South Street, Grosvenor Square ) chapels, and from 1840 to 1843 of St Mary's chapel, Moorfields.

* Karl Christian Joseph Ignaz Eugen Franz Xavier ( b. Dresden, 13 July 1733-d. Dresden, 16 June 1796 ), Duke of Courland and Zemgale ( 1758 – 1763 ).

He became Duke of Castiglione on 19 March 1808, a hereditary victory title ( i. e. not in chief of an actual fief, but a hollow title ), in honour of the 1796 victory.

In April 1796, aged 20, Buckingham married Lady Anne Brydges, daughter of James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos.

** William Henry Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, Marquess of Titchfield ( 1796 – 1824 ), eldest son of the 4th Duke, predeceased his father unmarried

The estates of the Dukes of Kingston-upon-Hull were eventually inherited by Charles Medows, a great-grandson of the 1st Duke through the female line, who changed his surname to Pierrepont and was created Viscount Newark and Baron Pierrepont in 1796 and Earl Manvers in 1806.

* Grand Duke ( Emperor since 1796 ) Pavel Petrovich ( 1762 )

Already in 1796, when the Duke of Zweibrücken ( after the French advance towards Zweibrücken ) was a landless prince exiled in Ansbach, Montgelas had developed a masterplan for the future modernisation of Bavaria.

Ponsonby was the second surviving son of the Honourable John Ponsonby, speaker of the Irish House of Commons ( 1756 – 71 ), and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Cavendish ( 1723 – 1796 ), daughter of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire.

Governor Hunter wrote to the Duke of Portland in August 1796 complaining that the English settlers had arrived in the colony with high expectations and unfounded reports of government assistance without any real understanding of the level of work they would have to undertake to develop the land.

In 1560, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy restored it to Piedmont, which held it until the Italian unification, apart from the Napoleonic period ( 1796 – 1814 ).

During the siege of Mantua in 1796, the Austrians under Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser were defeated here in the second Battle of Castiglione by the revolutionary French army under General Augereau, later Marshal of France, who in 1808 was created Duke of Castiglione by Emperor Napoleon I, a hereditary victory title ( so there never was an actual territorial duchy attached to it ) extinguished in 1915.

William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland as painted by John Murphy, after Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1796.

In the context of a larger agreement between Napoleonic France and Spain, the Bourbons of Parma were compensated for the loss of their territories in Northern Italy, which had been occupied by French troops since 1796: in return for Ferdinand, Duke of Parma relinquishing his claims, his son Louis I was compensated with the Kingdom of Etruria, a new kingdom created out of the old Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

On 16 October 1796, a congress was held in Modena after the previous ruler, Duke Hercules III, had fled to Venice to escape the French advance.

In 1796, he became Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge, having purchased this seat from the representatives of the Duke of Newcastle, and in 1797 succeeded his grandfather as 5th Baronet.

On 8 June 1808, in Munich, he married Princess Charlotte of Bavaria ( 1792 – 1873 ), daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria ( 1756 – 1825 ) and Princess Augusta Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt ( 1765 – 1796 ).

The first self-acting ram pump was invented by the Frenchman Joseph Michel Montgolfier ( best known as a co-inventor of the hot air balloon ) in 1796 for raising water in his paper mill at Voiron.

* Joseph Smith ( 1796 – 1869 ) ( born 1796 ), Presbyterian minister, author, and academic

* 1796 – Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist ( d. 1878 )

Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall in 1796, the discipline was very popular in the 19th century, especially from about 1810 until 1840.

The German physician Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 – 1828 ) in 1796 began lecturing on organology, the isolation of mental faculties and later cranioscopy, which was the reading of the bumps on the skull that were supposedly created by the brain organs.

She was followed by another girl, who died almost at once ; Joseph in 1796 ; and another son in 1798, who died in infancy.

In 1796, Joseph Meacham died.

After Ann Lee and James Whittaker died, Joseph Meacham ( 1742 – 1796 ) became the leader of the Shakers in 1787.

This period included a panoply of international ‘ great demographers ’ like Adolphe Quételet ( 1796 – 1874 ), William Farr ( 1807 – 1883 ), Louis-Adolphe Bertillon ( 1821 – 1883 ) and his son Jacques ( 1851 – 1922 ), Joseph Körösi ( 1844 – 1906 ), Anders Nicolas Kaier ( 1838 – 1919 ), Richard Böckh ( 1824 – 1907 ), Émile Durkheim ( 1858-1917 ), Wilhelm Lexis ( 1837 – 1914 ) and Luigi Bodio ( 1840 – 1920 ) contributed to the development of demography and to the toolkit of methods and techniques of demographic analysis.

* Luke Joseph Hooke ( 1716 – 1796 ), Irish theologian

Chamberlain was born in Camberwell in London to a successful shoemaker and manufacturer, also named Joseph ( 1796 – 1874 ), and his wife Caroline Harben, daughter of Henry Harben.

Among its famous residents, Joseph Priestley, the enlightenment chemist and theologian, left England in 1796 due to religious persecution and settled on the Susquehanna River.

It was named for Joseph Caldwell, presiding professor ( 1796 – 1797, 1799 – 1804 ) and the first president ( 1804 – 1812, 1816 – 1835 ) of the University of North Carolina.

In 1835 the land of Tevises together with nearby community of Santa Anna ( in total, 50 acres or 200, 000 m < sup > 2 </ sup >) was purchased by Henry Millard ( 1796 ?– 1844 ), Joseph P. Pulsifer ( 1805 – 1861 ) and Thomas B. Huling ( 1804 – 1865 ), who began planning a town to be laid out on this land.

* Joseph Webber Jackson ( 1796 – 1854 ), United States Representative from Georgia

Other major 18th century English novelists are Samuel Richardson ( 1689-1761 ), author of the epistolary novels Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded ( 1740 ) and Clarissa ( 1747-8 ); Henry Fielding ( 1707 – 54 ), who wrote Joseph Andrews ( 1742 ) and The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling ( 1749 ); Laurence Sterne ( 1713 – 68 ) who published Tristram Shandy in parts between 1759 and 1767 ; Oliver Goldsmith (? 1730-74 ) author of The Vicar of Wakefield ( 1766 ); Tobias Smollett ( 1721 – 71 ) a Scottish novelist best known for his comic picaresque novels, such as The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle ( 1751 ) and The Expedition of Humphry Clinker ( 1771 ), who influenced Charles Dickens ; and Fanny Burney ( 1752-1840 ), whose novels " were enjoyed and admired by Jane Austen ," wrote Evelina ( 1778 ), Cecilia ( 1782 ) and Camilla ( 1796 ).

* Joseph W. Kirwan, 1796 – 1849, first president of Queen's College, Galway

* Armand Joseph Bruat ( 1796 – 1855 ), admiral

* Thomas Joseph Brown ( 1796 – 1880 ), bishop of the Roman Catholic Church

The dieffenbachia was named by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, the director of the Botanical gardens in Vienna, to honor his head gardener Joseph Dieffenbach ( 1796 – 1863 ).

Lamb's first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in the Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects published in 1796 by Joseph Cottle.