* 1805 – Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer ( d. 1860 )

* 1872 – Frederick Maurice, English theologian ( b. 1805 )

* 1805 – Christopher Anstey, English writer ( b. 1724 )

* 1805 – Frederick Denison Maurice, English theologian ( d. 1872 )

In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain, but a renewed British alliance with Russia and Austria ( Third Coalition ), forced him to turn his attention towards the continent, while at the same time failure to lure the superior British fleet away from the English Channel, ending in a decisive French defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October put an end to hopes of an invasion of Britain.

* 1805 – Robert FitzRoy, English navy officer and meteorologist ( d. 1865 )

* 1805 – Samuel Palmer, English artist ( d. 1881 )

* 1737 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( d. 1805 )

* 1805 – Thomas Brassey, English civil engineering contractor ( d. 1870 )

* 1724 – Christopher Anstey, English writer ( d. 1805 )

Roget's Thesaurus is a widely used English language thesaurus, created by Dr. Peter Mark Roget ( 1779 – 1869 ) in 1805 and released to the public on 29 April 1852.

* 1860 – Joseph Locke, English engineer ( b. 1805 )

* William Paley ( 1743 – 1805 ) English theologian known for his exposition of the teleological argument and rational religion.

William Paley ( July 1743 – 25 May 1805 ) was an English Christian apologist, philosopher, and utilitarian.

In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain, but a renewed British alliance with Russia and Austria ( Third Coalition ), forced him to turn his attention towards the continent, while at the same time failure to lure the superior British fleet away from the English Channel, ending in a decisive French defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October put an end to hopes of an invasion of Britain.

* May 24 – Samuel Palmer, English artist ( b. 1805 )

* December 29 – Thomas Banks, English sculptor and artist ( d. 1805 )

* April 1 – Frederick Maurice, English theologian ( b. 1805 )

* October 31 – Christopher Anstey, English writer ( d. 1805 )

His parents were Thomas Sullivan ( 1805 – 1866 ), a military bandmaster, clarinettist and music teacher born in Ireland and raised in Chelsea, London, and Mary Clementina ( née Coghlan, 1811 – 1882 ), English born, of Irish and Italian descent.

It appears that Shelley found inspiration for the title of her novel in Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville's Le Dernier Homme ( 1805 ), translated into English in 1806 as Omegarus and Syderia.

* William Augustus Bowles ( 1763 – 1805 ), also known as Estajoca, was a Maryland-born English adventurer and organizer of Muscogee Creek attempts to create a state outside of Euro-American control.

William Jowett, a 19th century missionary and author, was born at Newington in 1787, as was the visionary English artist Samuel Palmer in 1805.

In August 1805, Napoleon, Emperor of the French since December of the previous year, turned his army's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine in order to deal with the new Austrian and Russian threats.

In 1805 Playfair exchanged the chair of mathematics for that of natural philosophy in succession to John Robison, whom also he succeeded as general secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

The Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth appeared in 1805, and was a natural sequel to his previous work of history.

Beethoven was arguably not a natural composer of opera and, although Fidelio was premiered in 1805, it was not until 1814 that he produced its final version.

Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov ( 19, October 1787-21, May 1862 ), the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich, was born October 8 ( October 19, 1786 New Style ) in Moscow and took part in all the Napoleonic wars from 1805 to the capture of Paris.

Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov ( 1787 – 1862 ), the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich, was born October 8 ( October 19, 1786 New Style ) in Moscow and took part in all the Napoleonic wars from 1805 to the capture of Paris.

Donovan was, at first, the very successful author of a number of natural history titles, including Natural History of British Birds ( 1792 – 97 ), Natural History of British Insects ( 1792 – 1813 ), Natural History of British Fishes ( 1802 – 08 ) and the two-volume Descriptive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire in the Year 1804, and the Four Preceding Summers ( 1805 ) and the short-lived Botanical Review, or the Beauties of Flora ( London, 1789 – 90 ).

* Instructions for collecting and preserving various subjects of natural history: as quasrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, corals, plants, & c.: together with a treatise on the management of insects in their several states ; selected from the best authorities by E. Donovan. London, Rivington 1805 ( 2nd ed.

He directed the department of natural history in Erlangen from 1805.

William Thompson ( December 2, 1805 – February 17, 1852 ) was an Irish naturalist celebrated for his founding studies of the natural history of Ireland, especially in ornithology and marine biology.

* 1805 – Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philosopher and writer ( d. 1861 )

In 1805, Pierre-Simon Laplace, the French philosopher, discovered the significance of meniscus radii with respect to capillary action.

Fanny Hensel, 1842, by Moritz Daniel OppenheimFanny Mendelssohn ( 14 November 1805 – 14 May 1847 ), later Fanny Mendelssohn Bartholdy and, after her marriage, Fanny Hensel, was a German pianist and composer, the sister of the composer Felix Mendelssohn and granddaughter of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.

James Martineau ( 21 April 1805 – 11 January 1900 ) was an English religious philosopher influential in the history of Unitarianism.

The principal contributors to Danish literature are undoubtedly Hans Christian Andersen ( 1805 – 1875 ) with his fairy tales, the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ), storyteller Karen Blixen ( 1885 – 1962 ), playwright Ludvig Holberg ( 1684 – 1754 ), and modern authors such as Henrik Pontoppidan and Herman Bang.

Solomon Dodashvili () also known as Solomon Ivanovich Dodaev-Mogarsky () ( May 17, 1805 – August 20, 1836 ) was a Georgian philosopher, journalist, historian, grammarian, belletrist and enlightener.

Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire ( 19 August 1805 – 24 November 1895 ) was a French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France.

* William Paley ( 1743 – 1805 ), Christian apologist and philosopher

* Johann Eduard Erdmann ( 1805 — 1892 ), a German philosopher

* Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz ( 1805 – 1879 ), German philosopher