Some were lightly armed in the War of 1812, sailing under Letters of Marque and Reprisal, when the type — exemplified by Chasseur, launched at Fells Point, Baltimore in 1814 became known for her incredible speed ; the deep draft enabled the Baltimore clipper to sail close to the wind.

In 1777 Madison's cousin, the Right Reverend James Madison ( 1749 – 1812 ), became president of The College of William & Mary.

His health was problematic and in 1812 his pain became so unbearable that he was taken to Dr. Ephraim McDowell of Danville, Kentucky, who operated to remove urinary stones.

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1812 following Congress ' declaration of war with Great Britain, Audubon became an American citizen and gave up his French citizenship.

The lake became a hub of commercial activity following the War of 1812 with canal building on both sides of the border and heavy travel by lake steamers.

From this time forward his literary activity became very great ; in 1811 he published the Oriental tale of Ali og Gulhyndi, and in 1812 the last of his great tragedies, Stærkodder.

After Finland became part of the Russian Empire ( 1809 ), and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki ( 1812 ), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland, until the end of the 1840s.

Bessarabia became the name of the whole land between the Prut and the Dniester ( i. e., today ’ s Republic of Moldova ) only after the Russian conquest of the area in 1812.

During the island's earliest history it became the domain of Jean Lafitte, the famed pirate and American hero of the War of 1812.

* Carl Ferdinand von Arlt ( 1812 – 1887 ), the elder ( Austrian ) proved that myopia is largely due to an excessive axial length, published influential textbooks on eye disease, and ran annual eye clinics in needy areas long before the concept of volunteer eye camps became popular.

In 1812, in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War ( 1806 – 1812 ), the eastern part of Moldavia was ceded to the Russian Empire and Chișinău became the capital of the newly annexed gubernia of Bessarabia.

When Louisiana became a state in 1812, the remaining territory was renamed Missouri Territory to avoid confusion.

Péclet became, in 1812, one of the first students of the École Normale in Paris with Gay-Lussac and Dulong being his professors.

(" The first major president to be elected after the War of 1812 was President Monroe Doctrine, who became famous by developing the policy for which he is named.

He was appointed by the College of San Fernando de Mexico until 1812, when the position became known as the " Commissary Prefect " who was appointed by the Commissary General of the Indies ( a Franciscan residing in Spain ).

# Princess Amélie Auguste Eugénie Napoléone de Beauharnais, ( 31 July 1812 – 26 January 1873 ) was the second wife of Peter I of Brazil ( father of Mary II of Portugal ) and became Empress of Brazil

Educated at Heidelberg and Berlin, he was from 1812 to 1827 a schoolmaster in Berlin, and in 1827 became professor of Latin literature at the University of Berlin.

The earliest detailed surveys in the United States were made by the “ Topographical Bureau of the Army ,” formed during the War of 1812 ,. which became the Corps of Topographical Engineers in 1838.

He became allied with fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay as a member of the War Hawks faction that favored war with Britain in 1812.

There he became a judge and subsequently Adjutant General of the United States Army under General William Henry Harrison in the War of 1812.

* Robert McKnight ( c. 1789-1846 ), born in Augusta County, moved to St. Louis, Missouri in 1809, member of a trading expedition under Zebulon Pike to Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1812, captured by Spanish and imprisoned until 1821, eventually renounced his United States citizenship, moved to Mexico, and became owner of the Santa Rita del Cobre copper mine in Chihuahua ( now New Mexico ).

This became especially significant when the British restricted export of British coal after the War of 1812, creating a fuel shortage in rapidly expanding New York City.

When Congress created the Territory of Missouri in 1812, what became Ripley County was in New Madrid County.

The Upper Louisiana Territory, including the Jasper County area, was renamed the Missouri Territory on June 4, 1812 to avoid confusion with the state of Louisiana which joined the Union in 1812, and the New Madrid District became New Madrid County.

During Morse ’ s time in Britain, the Americans and British were engaged in the War of 1812.

Both sides entered additional conflicts in attempts to enforce their blockade ; the British fought the United States in the War of 1812 ( 1812 – 15 ), and the French engaged in the Peninsular War ( 1808 – 14 ).

During the War of 1812, Kingston was the base for the Lake Ontario division of the Great Lakes British naval fleet which engaged in a vigorous arms race with the American fleet based at Sackets Harbor, New York for control of Lake Ontario.

Thinking that the friction of metal wheels on metal rails would be too low, John Blenkinsop built his locomotives for the Middleton Railway in 1812 with a 20 teeth, diameter cog wheel ( pinion ) on the left side that engaged in rack teeth ( two teeth per foot ) on the outer side of the rail, the metal " fishbelly " edge rail with its side rack being cast all in one piece, in three feet ( one yard ) lengths.

By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812.

In 1812, with the United Kingdom engaged in Europe, the United States took the opportunity to declare war and launch another attempt to capture Canada and expand westward into Indian territories.

In 1812, when only eighteen, he was engaged at the Teatro di San Carlo, Naples, and appeared in Valentino Fioravanti's La Molinara.

John L. O ' Sullivan was born on the North Atlantic Ocean during the War of 1812, his mother having taken refuge on a British ship to avoid plague in Gibraltar, where his father was engaged in business.

Wilhelm Perthes engaged the collaboration of the most eminent German geographers of the time, including Stieler, Heinrich Berghaus ( 1797 – 1884 ), Christian Gottlieb Reichard ( 1758 – 1837 ), who was associated with Stieler in the compilation of the atlas, Karl Spruner ( 1803 – 1892 ), and Emil von Sydow ( 1812 – 1873 ).

He became engaged in 1812 to Isabella Martin, whom, in 1823, he married ; but it may be at once stated here that meanwhile he gradually fell in love with Jane Welsh, and she with him.

In 1811, along with the 3rd Dragoon Guards, the 4th Light Dragoons fought a notable cavalry action at Usagre, and in 1812 Lord Edward Somerset was engaged in the great charge of Le Marchant's heavy cavalry at Salamanca.

The Battle of Smolensk, the first major battle of the French invasion of Russia took place on August 16 – 18, 1812, between 175, 000 men of the Grande Armée under Napoleon Bonaparte and 130, 000 Russians under Barclay de Tolly, though only about 50, 000 and 60, 000 respectively were actually engaged.

From 1807 to 1812, Ivan Paskevich was engaged in the campaigns against Turkey, and distinguished himself by many brilliant and daring exploits, being made a general officer in his thirtieth year.

With few opportunities in Ireland, he engaged with the Hudson's Bay Company in Sligo and arrived at York Factory on the ship Robert Taylor on August 26, 1812, initially signing on for a three year contract.

During the War of 1812 Wood was promoted to Captain conducted the defence of Fort Meigs during its siege, was engaged in the sortie of May 5, 1813, and was in command of the artillery at the battle of the Thames on October 5.

Initially a civil war among the Creek, the conflict drew in United States state forces, when the nation was already engaged in the War of 1812 against the British.

The Red Sticks were backed by the British, which was engaged in the War of 1812 against the United States, and the Spanish, who were trying to retain a foothold in Florida and in territories to the west of the Louisiana Territory.

With federal forces otherwise engaged in the War of 1812, Georgia, Tennessee and the Mississippi Territory raised state militias for defense and engaged Native American allies, such as the Cherokee, traditional enemy of the Creek.

He engaged in agricultural pursuits and was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1810 to 1812.

The preparation of a constitution for Poland, on which he was engaged, was, however, interrupted by the events of 1812.

Cobb moved to Gouldsboro in the district of Maine in 1796 and engaged in agricultural pursuits ; elected to the Massachusetts Senate from the eastern district of Maine in 1802 and served as president ; elected to the Massachusetts Governor's Council in 1808 ; Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1809 ; member of the board of military defense in 1812 ; chief justice of the Hancock County ( Maine ) court of common pleas ; returned in 1817 to Taunton, where he died on April 17, 1830.