Spix's Macaw was named after the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix, who discovered the species in 1817.

* Spix & Wagler 1824: Serpentum Brasiliensium Species novae ou Histoire Naturelle des especes nouvelles de Serpens, Recueillies et observées pendent le voyage dans l ' interieur du Brésil dans les Années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820 ... publiée par Jean de Spix, ... écrite dàprès les notes du Voyageur par Jean Wagler-Typis Franc.

He afterwards devoted himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and Johann Baptist von Spix were sent to Brazil by the king of Bavaria.

* 1817 – Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician ( d. 1880 )

Of particular importance were collections of " studies " by Johann Baptist Cramer ( published between 1804 and 1810 ), early parts of Muzio Clementi's Gradus ad Parnassum ( 1817 – 26 ), numerous works by Carl Czerny, and Ignaz Moscheles ' Studien Op.

* Carl Georg Flach ( 1817 – 25 )

Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli ( 26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891 ) was a Swiss botanist.

Carl Maria von Weber also wrote incidental music to the play in 1817.

Works by painters such as Johann Baptist Laule ( 1817 – 1895 ) and Carl Heine ( 1842 – 1882 ) were used to decorate the fronts of this and other types of clocks.

Carl Wilhelm Borchardt ( 22 February 1817 – 27 June 1880 ) was a German mathematician.

Other university professors included such giants of the science world as the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte ( 1806 – 07 ), the biologist Karl Ernst von Baer ( 1817 – 34 ), the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacobi ( 1829 – 42 ), the mineralogist Franz Ernst Neumann ( 1828 – 76 ) and the physicist Hermann von Helmholtz ( 1849 – 55 ).

* Carl Johan Idman 1817 – 1820

Carl Christoph Vogt ( 5 July 1817 in Gießen, Grand Duchy of Hesse – 5 May 1895 in Geneva, Switzerland ) was a German scientist who emigrated to Switzerland.

Spiess, in his Ritter -, Räuber-and Geister-Romane, as they are called — stories of knights, robbers and ghosts of the " dark " ages — the idea of which he borrowed from Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen and Schiller's Räuber and Der Geisterseher, was the founder of the German Schauerroman ( shocker ), a style of writing continued, though in a finer vein, by Carl Gottlob Cramer ( 1758 – 1817 ) and by Goethe's brother-in-law, Christian August Vulpius.

From its original plan the Hortus was expanded in 1736 by Adriaan van Royen and Carl Linnaeus, and in 1817 by Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck and Sebald Justinus Brugmans.

* Lady Sarah Frederica Caroline Child Villiers ( 1822 – 1853 ), married Nicholas Paul Carl Pál, 9th Prince Esterhazy ( 1817 – 1894 ).

Cadmium ( Latin cadmia, Greek καδμεία meaning " calamine ", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals, which was named after the Greek mythological character, Κάδμος Cadmus, the founder of Thebes ) was discovered simultaneously in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate.

It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists ' shop.

The son of Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden by his second, wife Luise Karoline, Baroness Geyer von Geyersberg, who was born into a noble but not reigning family, he only became a Prince in 1817 ( aged 27 ), as part of a new law of succession.

A love of Oriental languages and literature led him to exchange the University of Breslau for that of Berlin, in order to study to greater advantage, and there he was received into the house of the Orientalist Heinrich Friedrich von Diez ( 1750 – 1817 ).

A tour on the continent in 1817, when he visited Goethe at Weimar, was made possible by the publisher William Blackwood, who advanced money for a translation of Friedrich Schlegel's Lectures on the History of Literature, which was not published until 1838.

Buildings along the street include ( from east to west ) the Crown Prince's Palace ( former palace of the Hohenzollern crown princes, No. 3 ), the Neue Wache war memorial built in 1817 ( No. 4 ), considered by many to be Karl Friedrich Schinkel ’ s masterpiece.

Now employed at the gas works in London, London 1819, Second edition 1820 ; German translation by Wilhelm August Lampadius entitled Praktische Abhandlung über die Gaserleuchtung: enthaltend eine summarische Beschreibung des Apparates und der Maschinerie, Berlin 1816, Second edition 1819 ; the 1816 French edition Traité pratique de l ’ éclairage par le gaz inflammable contained a forward and was expanded by Friedrich Albert Winsor, Paris 1816 ; Italian Trattato pratico sopra il gas illuminante: contenente una completa descrizione dell ’ apparecchio ... con alcune osservazioni, Milan 1817

His father was Karl Friedrich Mörike ( d. 1817 ), a district medical councilor ; his mother was Charlotte Bayer.

Georg Friedrich Rudolph Theodor Herwegh ( 31 May 1817 – 7 April 1875 ) was a German revolutionary poet.

Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher ( October 21, 1817 – June 4, 1894 ) was a German economist from Hanover.

Friedrich Ast, Leipzig, 1817 online ; ed.

Caspar David Friedrich, Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, 1817, Kunsthalle Hamburg.

The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences ( in German: Enzyclopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse ) ( 1817 ) is a systematic work by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in which an abbreviated version of his earlier Science of Logic was followed by the articulation of the Philosophy of Nature and the Philosophy of Spirit ( also translated as Philosophy of Mind ).

Franz Heinrich von Waldersee was the son of Franz Anton von Waldersee ( 1763 – 1823 ), the illegitimate son of Leopold III Friedrich Franz, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ) with Johanne Eleonore Hoffmeier ( 1739 – 1816 ).

Here he found himself in the company of the rationalistic theologians of Prussia: Friedrich Samuel Gottfried Sack ( 1738 – 1817 ), Johann Joachim Spalding ( 1714 – 1804 ) and others and became one of the leaders of the rationalistic party, and one of the chief contributors to CF Nicolai's Allgemeine Deutsche Bibliothek.

Cadmium was discovered in 1817 by a physician, Friedrich Stromeyer ( 1776 – 1835 ).

Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen ( 3 August 1817 – 18 February 1895 ) was an Austrian Habsburg general.

Starting in 1817 he studied at the University of Jena, attending the lectures of Jakob Friedrich Fries, Heinrich Luden and Lorenz Oken and joining further Burschenschaften.

From 1814 to 1817 he taught himself oil painting working under Caspar David Friedrich, a Dresden landscape painter.

It was founded by Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer in Würzburg in 1817, making it the oldest printing press manufacturer in the world.

Leopold Alexander Friedrich Arends ( 4 December 1817 in Rukiškis, Vilna Governorate ( now Anykščiai district of Lithuania ) – 22 December 1882, Berlin ) was a German stenographer and inventor of a system of stenography extensively used on the Continent, especially in Sweden.

Martin Friedrich Rudolf von Delbrück ( 16 April 1817 – 1 February 1903 ) was a Prussian statesman at the time of Otto von Bismarck.

Temminck was also the author of Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées ( 1813 – 1817 ), Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d ' Oiseaux ( 1820 – 1839 ), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's Fauna japonica ( 1844 – 1850 ).

* 1817 – Heinrich von Sybel, German historian ( d. 1895 )

* 1727 – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian scientist ( d. 1817 )

* 1817 – In Germany, Gustav von Below, an aristocratic officer of the Prussian Guard, and his brothers, founded a charismatic movement based on their estates in Pomerania, which may have included speaking in tongues.

* 1817 – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist ( d. 1905 )

The second major variation is the song " Wenn alle untreu werden " ( German: " If everyone becomes unfaithful ") better known as " Das Treuelied ", which was written by the poet Max von Schenkendorf ( 1783 – 1817 ) and used exactly the same melody as the Wilhelmus.

Addrich im Moos ( 1794 ), Der Freihof von Aarau ( 1794 ), Alamontade ( 1802 ), Jonathan Frock, Clementine, Der Creole ( 1830 ), Das Goldmacherdorf ( The Goldmakers ' Village, 1817 ), and Meister Jordan ( 1845 ).

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

In 1818 Niépce became interested in the ancestor of the bicycle, a Laufmaschine invented by Karl von Drais in 1817.

In 1817 Ludwig was also involved in the fall of Prime Minister Count Max Josef von Montgelas.

A petition against torture was presented to the Austrian emperor by Joseph von Sonnenfels ( 1773 – 1817 ).

As a counterblast to this the grand-duke Charles issued in 1817 a pragmatic sanction ( Hausgesetz ) declaring the counts of Höchberg, the issue of a morganatic marriage between the grand-duke Charles Frederick and Luise Geyer von Geyersberg ( created countess Höchberg ), capable of succeeding to the crown.

Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel ( December 2, 1817 – August 1, 1895 ), German historian, came from a Protestant family which had long been established at Soest, in Westphalia.

* August 1-Heinrich von Sybel, German historian ( born 1817 )

In his " Habilitationsschrift " über die ursprungliche Gestalt des Gedichts von der Nibelungen Noth ( 1816 ), and in his review of Hagen's Nibelungen and Benecke's Bonerius, contributed in 1817 to the Jenaische Literaturzeitung he had already laid down the rules of textual criticism and elucidated the phonetic and metrical principle of Middle High German in a manner which marked a distinct advance in that branch of investigation.

Ritter von Laurin, the Austrian consul-general in Egypt, was able to inspect a fragment of the Stone removed by Muhammad Ali in 1817 and reported that it had a pitch-black exterior and a silver-grey, fine-grained interior in which tiny cubes of a bottle-green material were embedded.

The Laufmaschine was invented by the German Baron, Karl von Drais, at Mannheim in 1817.

* 1817: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 2, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Version numérique sur le site Botanicus.

# Berta Ernestine von Schauenstein ( b. 26 January 1817 – d. Coburg, 15 August 1896 ), married her first cousin Eduard Edgar Schmidt-Löwe von Löwenfels, the illegitimate son of her father's sister, Juliane.