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In 1819 – 1820, Johann Baptist von Spix and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius were engaged in an expedition to Brazil, and on their return to Europe, amongst other collections of natural objects they brought home an important set of the fresh water fish of Brazil, and especially of the Amazon River.
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1819 and –
* 1819 – Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
Abner Doubleday ( June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893 ) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.
* 1819 – Peterloo Massacre: Seventeen people die and over 600 are injured in cavalry charges at a public meeting at St. Peter's Field, Manchester, England, United Kingdom.
**** House of Bourbon – de Paula branch or Alfonsine branch ( 1819 – present ) ( became Anjou branch in 1933 )
In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by establishing, in conjunction with Robert Jameson ( 1774 – 1854 ), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh magazine.
The first ten volumes ( 1819 – 1824 ) were published under the joint editorship of Brewster and Jameson, the remaining four volumes ( 1825 – 1826 ) being edited by Jameson alone.
1819 and 1820
Ritter proceeded, `` You now emerge into a new epoch in which late in the year 1819 or 1820, you will have to reckon.
As well as holding positions at this school until 1828, in 1819 and 1820 Ampère offered courses in philosophy and astronomy, respectively, at the University of Paris, and in 1824 he was elected to the prestigious chair in experimental physics at the Collège de France.
Several other alkaloids were discovered around that time, including xanthine ( 1817 ), atropine ( 1819 ), caffeine ( 1820 ), coniine ( 1827 ), nicotine ( 1828 ), colchicine ( 1833 ), sparteine ( 1851 ), and cocaine ( 1860 ).
The composer Manuel Robles and the poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado fulfilled this mandate and their " National Song " debuted on 20 August 1820 in the Domingo Arteaga theater, although other historians claim that it was played and sung during the festivities of September 1819.
Prominent examples include Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Christabel and Keats ' La Belle Dame sans Merci ( 1819 ) and Isabella, or the Pot of Basil ( 1820 ) which feature mysteriously fey ladies ( Skarda and Jaffe 1981: 33-5, 132-3 ).
He was Governor of South Carolina ( 1810 – 1812 ), U. S. Representative ( 1815 – 1819 ), and the minister to Russia ( 1820 – 1830 ).
As nationalism surged, partisan fury subsided and the " Era of Good Feelings " ensued until the Panic of 1819 struck and dispute over the admission of Missouri embroiled the country in 1820.
They had two sons: Victor Gifford ( 1809 – 1860 ) and John Woodhouse Audubon ( 1812 – 1862 ); and two daughters who died while young: Lucy at two years ( 1815 – 1817 ) and Rose at nine months ( 1819 – 1820 ).
Van Buren joined the opposition party in 1813, and was a member of the New York State Senate from 1812 to 1820, and New York Attorney General from 1815 to 1819.
Washington Irving wrote mysterious tales including " Rip van Winkle " ( 1819 ) and " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow " ( 1820 ).
Domestic tensions ran high at the start of the decade, with the Peterloo Massacre ( 1819 ), the Cato Street Conspiracy ( 1820 ), and the Radical War ( 1820 ) in Scotland.
In 1819, the Federal armies rejected the centralist Constitution of the United Provinces of South America and defeated the forces of Supreme Director José Rondeau at the 1820 Battle of Cepeda, effectively ending the central government, and securing Provinces ' sovereignty through a series of inter-Provincial pacts.
Richelieu served until 29 December 1818, followed by Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles until 19 November 1819, and then Decazes ( in reality the dominant minister from 1818 to 1820 ) until 20 February 1820.
In 1819 and 1820, large portions of the county were removed to form the counties of Oakland, Lapeer, Genesee and St. Clair.
Counties later formed all or in part from Clark County were: Crawford ( 1818 ), Decatur ( 1822 ), Fayette ( 1819 ), Floyd ( 1819 ), Franklin ( 1811 ), Harrison ( 1808 ), Jackson ( 1816 ), Jefferson ( 1811 ), Jennings ( 1817 ), Randolph ( 1818 ), Ripley ( 1816 ), Rush ( 1822 ), Scott ( 1820 ), Switzerland ( 1814 ), Union ( 1821 ), Washington ( 1814 ), and Wayne ( 1811 ).
After Arkansas became its own territory in 1819, the Arkansas Territorial Legislature requested in 1820 that the springs and adjoining mountains be set aside as a federal reservation.
During this expedition, which lasted from May 1819 to November 1820, Sabine noted that changes in magnetic intensity had taken place since his previous visit.
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