Calhoun further aggravated the President in the summer of 1831 when he issued his " Fort Hill Letter ", in which he outlined the constitutional basis for a state's ability to nullify an act of Congress.

Gioachino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini and Richard Wagner were some of the first composers to use the tam-tam in their works ; Rossini in the final of act 3 of Armida ( 1817 ), Bellini in Norma ( 1831 ) and Wagner in Rienzi ( 1842 ).

On January 15, 1831, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act creating the present county of Floyd out of the county Montgomery.

Cook County was created on January 15, 1831, out of Putnam County by an act of the Illinois General Assembly.

Sumter County was established by an act of the state legislature on December 26, 1831, just four years after the Creek Indians vacated the region when the state acquired the territory from them in the 1825 Treaty of Indian Springs.

When Saginaw Township was organized as part of Oakland County in 1831, in accordance with an 1830 act of Michigan's Territorial Legislature, it covered all of today's Saginaw County ( organized in 1835 ) and part of Bay, Genesee and Midland counties.

Governor George Wolf approved act No. 168 of 1830, on April 2, 1831.

At first he attempted Véron to accept the opéra-comique Le portefaix to a libretto by Scribe, which he had been contracted to compose in early 1831 ; but Véron insisted on a full five act piece.

The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (), is a royal order of chivalry established in 1831 and found today throughout the Commonwealth of Nations, Hong Kong, Ireland, and the United States of America, with the world-wide mission " to prevent and relieve sickness and injury, and to act to enhance the health and well-being of people anywhere in the world.

His parents, John Galvin ( 1826 – 1864 ) and his wife Louisa, née Dutton ( 1831 – 1891 ), performed together in a music hall double act called " The Singing and Acting Duettists ".

One of Broglie's first act on his return was to have the National Assembly ratify the 4 July 1831 treaty with the United States, which it had rejected during his first term.

Houghton quickly was selected by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft to act as physician-naturalist on expeditions through Lake Superior and the upper Mississippi valley in 1831 and 1832.

In 1831, Parliament passed " An act for amending the laws relative to the appointment of Special Constables, and for the better preservation of the Police ".

In 1831, the bequest was the largest single act of philanthropy in American history.

An act passed February 4, 1831 gave the C & A monopoly powers for nine years against railroads built within three miles of the C & A, in exchange for the state receiving 1000 shares of stock.

From 1825 to 1831 he accepted engagements to sing and act in Brno, Graz, Pressburg, Klagenfurt, Vienna and Lemberg.

By act on April 4, 1831, the boundaries of the borough were extended to include land to the northwest of Leiper Street, the line running along Harrison and Horrocks Streets, to a point on Frankford Creek below Wyoming Avenue.

" The enterprise was saved by the remarkable act of 1831 which organized a road company, with the Governor as President and one of the Board of Directors, with power to borrow money ($ 125, 000 ) on the credit of the State to construct a turnpike road of a minimum width of twelve feet, ' from Winchester to some point on the Ohio River to be situated by the principal engineer ', and with the right to erect bridges or to regulate ferries already in existence and to establish toll-gates on each twenty-mile ( 32 km ) section completed.

Following the act of 1831, which provided for satisfactory adjustment of land titles, it was an important incentive to immigration and settlement and development-especially along the region of southern Preston and in Ritchie.

In 1831 George Stephen and Joseph Sturge formed a ginger group within the Anti-Slavery Society, the Agency Committee, to campaign for this new act of Parliament.

They then followed by passing an act in 1831 to withdraw state protections for the Bank of the United States.

In June 1831, Morley was asked to sell his farm and act as a missionary while traveling to Independence, Missouri with Ezra Booth ( see: Doctrine and Covenants 52: 23 ).

In 1831 no coronation banquet was held, so the King's Champion was not called upon to act, although in 1902 his claim was admitted by the Court of Claims, and he was given the Standard of England to bear.

On January 15, 1831, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act creating the present county of Floyd out of Montgomery County, named after Floyd, who was governor at the time.

It was there that their first child, a daughter they named Anna Bronson Alcott, was born on March 16, 1831, after 36 hours of labor.

The couple's only son was born on April 6, 1831, but lived only a few minutes.

Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, a state convention was called to pass a new constitution, including provisions to disfranchise free people of color.

The Sanskrit text was printed at Calcutta in 1831.

Around 1831, when Anne was eleven, she and Emily broke away from Charlotte and Branwell to create and develop their own fantasy world, Gondal.

Anne was particularly close to Emily especially after Charlotte's departure for Roe Head School, in January 1831.

* Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first leader of free modern Greece ( 1776 – 1831 ), had a large building erected ; intended as a barracks, it was subsequently used as a museum, a library and a school.

In 1831, the Navy Board was abolished as a separate entity and its duties and responsibilities were given over to the Admiralty.

As another consequence of the disturbances, a new constitution was accepted in 1831 which came into effect on 4 September of that year.

The phylum was originally called " Polyzoa ", but this term was superseded by " Bryozoa " in 1831.

The cell nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831.

From 1831 to 1841, Palestine was under the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty of Egypt.

The extension, the East Wing, was completed by 1831.

Work was also progressing on the northern half of the West Wing ( The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery ) 1826 – 1831, with Montagu House demolished in 1842 to make room for the final part of the West Wing, completed in 1846, and the South Wing with its great colonnade, initiated in 1843 and completed in 1847, when the Front Hall and Great Staircase were opened to the public.

In 1831, a legislative assembly was established by local consent at a meeting of principal inhabitants held at Pedro St. James Castle on December 5 of that year.

From May 1827 to September 1831, with the exception of brief interventions by Freire, the presidency was occupied by Francisco Antonio Pinto, Freire's former vice president.

The first Portalian president was General Joaquín Prieto, who served two terms ( 1831 – 1836, 1836 – 1841 ).

Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (; July 1, 1780 – November 16, 1831 ) was a Prussian soldier and military theorist who stressed the moral ( in modern terms, " psychological ") and political aspects of war.

The nucleus was also described by Franz Bauer in 1804 and in more detail in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London.

The Baptist chapel was built in 1831.

** Józef Chlopicki was styled Dictator from 5 December 1830-December 1830 and again in December 1830-25 January 1831

In 1831 he published a short popular account of the philosopher's life in Murray's Family Library ; but it was not until 1855 that he was able to issue the much fuller Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, a work which embodied the results of more than 20 years ' investigation of original manuscripts and other available sources.