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1853 and became
These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.
In 1853 Island County became part of the newly created Washington Territory.
In 1853, Sherman resigned his captaincy and became manager of the San Francisco branch of a St. Louis-based bank.
In 1853, in Turin, Guglielmo Stefani founded the Agenzia Stefani, that became the most important agency in the Kingdom of Italy, and took international relevance with Manlio Morgagni.
There were over 173 city-states and kingdoms in the African regions affected by the slave trade between 1502 and 1853, when Brazil became the last Atlantic import nation to outlaw the slave trade.
In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more.
In 1853, he became rector of the University.
He became sous-préfet of Nérac in 1830, and advanced rapidly in the civil service until in 1853 he was chosen by Persigny to be prefect of the Seine in succession to Jean Jacques Berger, who hesitated to incur the vast expenses of the imperial schemes for the embellishment of Paris.
Regaining freedom in 1853, he published his memoir that year, became nationally known and lectured on the abolitionist circuit.
In 1853, the church became the local parish church.
As a painter she became famous primarily for two chief works: Ploughing in the Nivernais ( in French: Le labourage nivernais, le sombrage ), which was first exhibited at the Salon of 1848, and is now in the Musée d ’ Orsay in Paris depicts a team of oxen ploughing a field while attended by peasants set against a vast pastoral landscape ; and, The Horse Fair ( in French: Le marché aux chevaux ) ( which was exhibited at the Salon of 1853 ( finished in 1855 ) and is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York City.
" Having been one of the biggest influences in the establishment of the College, Hosea Ballou II became the first president in 1853, and College Hall, the first building on campus, was completed the following year.
He took his first photographs in 1853 and in 1858 became the first person to take aerial photographs.
A minister from the Netherlands, Dirk Van der Hoff went to the Transvaal in 1853, and became a minister in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, which was constituted in 1856, and in 1860 recognised as the State Church of the South African Republic, separate from the Cape Church.
In 1833 the town was renamed Berlin because of the recent German immigration from the Breuckmann family, and in 1853 Berlin became the County Seat of the newly created County of Waterloo, elevating it to the status of Village.
* 1853 Moses Hughes and his invalid wife, Hannah ( Berry ), became the first permanent settlers, seeking to take advantage of the medicinal springs.
The " Elephant Man ", Joseph Carey Merrick ( 1862 – 1890 ) became well known in Whitechapel — he was exhibited in a shop on the Whitechapel Road before being helped by Dr Frederick Treves ( 1853 – 1923 ) at the Royal London Hospital, opposite the actual shop.
Sullivan was founded in 1853 and became the county seat.
In 1832, Terre Haute became a town and, in May 1853, elected to become a city.
Following the Gadsden purchase in 1853, Nogales became a part of the United States of America.
The gold from the initially discovered placers gave out after a few years, but the discovery of gold in an underground river channel in 1853 revitalized the camp and it soon became a town.
At that time Trinidad became part of the newly created Humboldt County after its creation in 1853, with its county seat in Eureka.
* William Beaumont ( 1785 – 1853 ), " Father of Gastric Physiology " whose book describing digestion, published in 1833, became a classical medical study still used today.

1853 and Inspector
After the war he was promoted to colonel and Inspector General of the U. S. Army on May 28, 1853.
Initially he worked as Acting Inspector under the Chief Commissioner William Henry Fancourt Mitchell in the Parish of Jika Jika in the northern suburbs of Melbourne, but on 1 November 1853 he was appointed a magistrate, promoted to Police Inspector, and was posted to Carlsruhe.
On 31 December 1853 he was promoted to District Inspector of the Ovens District and early in 1854 he moved to Beechworth to relieve Inspector Price.
He retired with 31 years service as Colonel and Inspector General of the Army in 1853.

1853 and was
The Lincolns ' fourth son, Thomas " Tad " Lincoln, was born on April 4, 1853, and died of heart failure at the age of 18 on July 16, 1871.
From 1853 to 1860, another of Lincoln's largest clients was the Illinois Central Railroad.
In March 1853, Alcott was invited to teach fifteen students at Harvard Divinity School in an extracurricular, non-credit course.
High above the city, near the small town of South Fork, the South Fork Dam was originally built between 1838 and 1853 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as part of a canal system to be used as a reservoir for a canal basin in Johnstown.
Bahá ' u ' lláh was eventually released from prison but ordered into exile, and ` Abdu ' l-Bahá then eight joined his father on the journey to Baghdad in the winter ( January to April ) of 1853.
The little hamlet of Anderson was named for Mr. John Anderson who was a Director in the South Western Railroad at the time it was extended from Oglethorpe to Americus in 1853.
The term bunyip aristocracy was first coined in 1853 to describe Australians aspiring to be aristocrats.
Construction began during summer 1853, on a site some north-west of the original building, which was considered to have a better outlook.
On March 25, 1853, Alameda County was created by division of Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County.
His father, Henry Churchill de Mille ( 1853 – 1893 ), was a North Carolina-born dramatist and lay reader in the Episcopal Church, who had earlier begun a career as a playwright, writing his first play at age 15.
Charlotte's third published novel, the last to be published during her lifetime, was Villette, which came out in 1853.
Christian Andreas Doppler () ( 29 November 1803 – 17 March 1853 ) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist.
During his time there, Doppler, along with Franz Unger, played an influential role in the development of young Gregor Mendel, known as the founding father of genetics, who was a student at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853.
At the age of 13 he read Thomas's Elpis Israel and was subsequently baptised in 1853 at the age of 14 in the River Dee and joined the " Baptised Believers ".
Meanwhile, Newson ’ s malting business expanded and five more children were born, Alice ( 1842 ), Millicent ( 1847 ), who was to become a leader in the constitutional campaign for women's suffrage, Sam ( 1850 ), Josephine ( 1853 ) and George ( 1854 ).
In Bendigo in 1853, an Anti-Gold Licence Association was formed and the miners were apparently on the brink of an armed clash with authorities.
In 1853, gold was discovered in the interior, precipitating border disputes with Brazil and Suriname ( these were later settled in 1891, 1899 and 1915, though a small region of the border with Suriname is still disputed ).
Following his education in Giessen, he took postdoctoral fellowships in Paris ( 1851 – 52 ), in Chur, Switzerland ( 1852 – 53 ), and in London ( 1853 – 55 ), where he was decisively influenced by Alexander Williamson.
The musician Theodor Uhlig ( 1822 – 1853 ) was an illegitimate son of Frederick Augustus.
Lockwood, chaplain of the Contrabands, stated in the sheet music the song was from Virginia, dating from about 1853.
There followed the second and third of the three major operas of Verdi's " middle period ": in 1853 Il Trovatore was produced in Rome and La traviata in Venice.
In 1848 he received an appointment in the Prussian ministry for foreign affairs, and in 1853 was promoted to be privy councillor of legation ( Geheimer Legationsrath ).
She was used for harbour service from 1853 and was sold in 1865.

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