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1854 and results
From 1854 to 1867 a civil war broke out mainly in Taishan County between the Punti and Hakka people with disastrous results for both sides.
His reports on quarantine ( 1845 ), cholera ( 1850 ), yellow fever ( 1852 ), and on the results of sanitary improvement ( 1854 ) were of international importance.
The results of his travels appeared in A Boy's Adventures in the Wilds of Australia ( 1854 ), Land, Labor and Gold ; or, Two Years in Victoria ( 1855 ) and Tallangetta, the Squatter's Home ( 1857 ).
Fearing the results of an Ottoman defeat by Russia, in 1854 Britain and France joined what became known as the Crimean War on the Ottoman side.
The results of these journeys ( besides his poetical memorials ) were A Journey to Central Africa ; or, Life and Landscapes from Egypt to the Negro Kingdoms of the White Nile ( New York, 1854 ); The Lands of the Saracen ; or, Pictures of Palestine, Asia Minor, Sicily and Spain ( 1854 ); and A Visit to India, China and Japan in the Year 1853 ( 1855 ).
His political position in 1854 was ambiguous, and he held some hopes of replacing Hincks as a coalitionist Premier when the overall results proved inconclusive.
PP Boileau ( 1811 1891 ) discussed their results and added experiments of his own ( Traité de la mesure des eaux courantes, Paris, 1854 ).
The results were published in Eine Frau fährt um die Welt ( 3 vols., Vienna, 1850 ; English translation: A Woman's Journey round the World, London, 1854 ).

1854 and Ottoman
These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.
The reign of Sultan Abdülmecid I | Abdülmecid was marked by the implementation of the Tanzimat reforms ; the Crimean War and Ottoman public debt | first foreign debt of the Ottoman Empire in 1854.
* Crimean war ( 1854 56 ) fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance consisting of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Second French Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire.
Napoleon's challenge to Russia's efforts to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War ( 1854 1856 ).
On 21 October 1854, she and the staff of 38 women volunteer nurses that she trained, including her aunt Mai Smith, were sent ( under the authorisation of Sidney Herbert ) to the Ottoman Empire.
The allied armies of Britain, France, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire had landed in the Crimea on September 14, 1854, intending to capture the Russian naval base at Sevastopol.
* Edward Shepherd Creasy, History of Ottoman Turks ; From the beginning of their empire to the present time, London, Richard Bentley ( 1854 ); ( 1878 ).
Napoleon III's challenge to Russia's claims to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War ( March 1854 March 1856 ).
The Division which now consisted of the Guards Brigade and the Highland Brigade, was involved in the Battle of Alma ( September 20, 1854 ), which is considered to be the first battle of the Crimean war. They were next in action during the Battle of Balaclava, The battle started with a successful Russian attack on Ottoman positions.
The British-French Allies landed at Varna in the summer of 1854, followed by the withdrawal of Russian troops from Wallachia and Moldavia and the advancement of Ottoman and Austrian ones.
During the Crimean War, in 1854, the Ottoman Empire, which borrowed from other nations for the first time in history, needed a state bank to assume an intermediary function in the repayment of external debts.
In 1854, the Crimean War began, which pitted the United Kingdom, France and the Ottoman Empire against the Russian Empire.
Also, in one occasion in the local Greek revolt of 1854 the town was plundered Ottoman troops, and the men of Theodoros Grivas, former general of the Greek military, during their struggle for control of the town.

1854 and defeat
On 5 November 1854, Russian forces tried to relieve the siege at Sevastopol and tried to defeat the Allied armies in the field in the battle of Inkerman.
* 1854 Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.
The position was very unpopular in his district and led to his defeat in his 1854 re-election campaign.
Stung by the defeat of her land bill, in 1854 and 1855 Dix traveled to England and Europe, where she reconnected with the Rathbones and conducted investigations of Scotland's madhouses that precipitated the Scottish Lunacy Commission.
On November 5, 1854, the allied victory over the Russian troops at the battle of Inkermann broke the Russian will to defeat the allied troops in the field and reduced the outcome of the war to the outcome of the siege of Sevastopol.
In 1852 he successfully ran for the United States House of Representatives, but his opposition to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise led to his defeat in 1854.
In the latter year, having already been admitted to the cabinet, he for about two months at the first of the year succeeded Palmerston as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs until Russell's defeat in 1852 ; and-when Lord Aberdeen formed his government at the end of the year, he became first Lord President of the Council, and then Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ( 1854 ).
With the defeat of the Zulus, and the Pedi, the Transvaal Boers were able to give voice to the growing resentment against the 1877 British annexation of the Transvaal and complained that it had been a violation of the Sand River Convention of 1852, and the Bloemfontein Convention of 1854.
This split would be exacerbated following the 1852 presidential election, when disputes over patronage led to an even broader split between Hards and Softs, and helped lead to the defeat of the Soft governor, Horatio Seymour, for re-election in 1854.
At the same time, Russia was in no position to help Montenegro after suffering a defeat in the Crimean War in 1854.
He went back to Colombia some years later to fight the so-called artisans ' revolution, and to defeat the dictatorship of José María Melo in 1854.
On May 28, 1854, the California State Legislature voted to reward the Rangers with another $ 5, 000 for their defeat of Murrieta and his band.

1854 and by
It was excavated by Spiegelthal in 1854, who found that it covered a large vault of finely cut marble blocks approached by a flat-roofed passage of the same stone from the south.
Balmoral Castle, painted by Queen Victoria in 1854 during its construction
In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.
Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.
Four copies have been preserved of it, of which only one is complete ; but it was reprinted in facsimile in 1854 for the Bannatyne Club by the munificence of the Duke of Buccleuch.
They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.
The military has seized power three times in Colombia's history: in 1830, after the dissolution of Great Colombia ; again in 1854 ( by General José María Melo ); and from 1953 to 1957 ( under General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla ).
Heine provided the first published definition of uniform continuity in 1872, but based these ideas on lectures given by Dirichlet in 1854.
In the Eureka Oath from Peter Lalor's famous speech in 1854 under the Eureka Flag he proclaimed " We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties.
Similar treaties were subsequently negotiated by the United Kingdom ( Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty, October 1854 ), the Russians ( Treaty of Shimoda, 7 February 1855 ), and the French ( Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan, 9 October 1858 ).
Charlotte meanwhile was increasingly attracted to the intense attachment displayed by Nicholls, and by January 1854 had accepted his proposal.
After 1854 extreme clippers were replaced in American shipbuilding yards by medium clippers.
One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.
* 1854 Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.
In 1819 Brewster undertook further editorial work by establishing, in conjunction with Robert Jameson ( 1774 1854 ), the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, which took the place of the Edinburgh magazine.
The Battle of Eureka Stockade ( by which the rebellion is popularly known ) was fought between miners and the Colonial forces of Australia on 3 December 1854 at Eureka Lead and named for the stockade structure erected by miners during the conflict.
Ten days later, on 17 October 1854, at the Eureka Hotel between 1, 000 and 10, 000 miners gathered to protest that James Bentley, the hotel proprietor and prime suspect in Scobie's murder, had been acquitted by a corrupt magistrate.
He was the eldest son of Prince John, ( who succeeded his brother Frederick Augustus II on the Saxon throne as King John in 1854 ) by his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria.
The doctrine of papal infallibility was not new and had been used by Pope Pius in defining as dogma, in 1854, the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Early versions were constructed by the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse in 1854 and the physicist John Tyndall in the 1870s.

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