#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

* 1936 – Charles Harding Firth, British historian ( b. 1857 )

His grandfather, an amateur naturalist by the name of Walter Drawbridge Crick ( 1857 – 1903 ), wrote a survey of local foraminifera ( single-celled protists with shells ), corresponded with Charles Darwin, and had two gastropods ( snails or slugs ) named after him.

Basing his ideas on those of predecessors such as Williamson, Edward Frankland, William Odling, Auguste Laurent, Charles Adolphe Wurtz and others, Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure ( 1857 – 58 ).

In December 1857, Charles Scammon, in the brig Boston, along with his schooner-tender Marin, entered Laguna Ojo de Liebre ( Jack-Rabbit Spring Lagoon ) or later known as Scammon's Lagoon ( by 1860 ) and found one of the gray's last refuges.

* 1857 – Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

The second French school was Symbolism, which literary historians see beginning with the poet Charles Baudelaire ( 1861 – 67 ) ( Les fleurs du mal, 1857 ), and including the later poets, Arthur Rimbaud ( 1854 – 91 ), Paul Verlaine ( 1844 – 96 ), Stéphane Mallarmé ( 1842 – 98 ), and Paul Valéry ( 1871 – 1945 ).

* 1857 – Charles Harding Firth, British historian ( d. 1936 )

* 1952 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English scientist, Nobel laureate ( b. 1857 )

In 1857, two years before the publication of Charles Darwin's, Origin of Species, Gosse published Omphalos: an Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot and thereby created what has been called the Omphalos hypothesis.

< tr bgcolor ="# FFFFFF ">< td >-< td > Charles Cowper ( 2nd time )< td >< td > 7 September 1857 < td > 26 October 1859

* 1926 – Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer ( b. 1857 )

* September 21 – Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer ( b. 1857 )

* June 21 – Battle of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands ( which later became part of Finland-in 1920 :) The Royal Navy seaman's mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes, for which he was awarded the first Victoria Cross in 1857.

* May 24 – Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist and ornithologist ( d. 1857 )

In 1837, Charles Wheatstone produced a " speaking machine " based on von Kempelen's design, and in 1857, M. Faber built the " Euphonia ".

Ponzi did not invent the scheme ( for example, Charles Dickens ' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewitt and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme ), but his operation took in so much money that it was the first to become known throughout the United States.

It was led by the artist and writer William Morris ( 1834 – 1896 ) and the architect Charles Voysey ( 1857 – 1941 ) during the 1860s, and was inspired by the writings of John Ruskin ( 1819 – 1900 ) and Augustus Pugin ( 1812 – 1852 ).

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey ( 1857 – 1941 ) was an Arts and Crafts architect who also designed fabrics, tiles, ceramics, furniture and metalwork.

* John Scott – Matilda ( 1827 ), The Colonel ( 1828 ), Rowton ( 1829 ), Margrave ( 1832 ), Touchstone ( 1834 ), Don John ( 1838 ), Charles the Twelfth ( 1839 ), Launcelot ( 1840 ), Satirist ( 1841 ), The Baron ( 1845 ), Newminster ( 1851 ), West Australian ( 1853 ), Warlock ( 1856 ), Imperieuse ( 1857 ), Gamester ( 1859 ), The Marquis ( 1862 )

1857, by Charles Loring Elliott ( Brooklyn Museum of Art | Brooklyn Museum )

* 1857 A Methodist circuit rider holds the county ’ s first religious service in the cabin of Charles Mullin.

In Histoire des nations civilisées du Mexique et de l ' Amérique Centrale ( 1857 ), Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg claimed Votan was an ancient Phoenician legislateur who had migrated from the Middle East to the Maya area, defeated a race called the Quiname, built the city of Palenque, and established an empire called Xibalba that was postulated by Brasseur de Bourbourg to have once covered all of Mexico and part of the United States.

In literature, the style had its beginnings with the publication Les Fleurs du mal ( The Flowers of Evil, 1857 ) by Charles Baudelaire.

In October 1857 Newton carried blocks of marble from this site by the HMS Supply and landed them in Malta.

Austin's father, Philip Newton Spare, had been born in Yorkshire in 1857, but had moved to London, where he had gained employment with the City of London Police in 1878, being stationed at Snow Hill Police Station.

* Thomas Wodehouse Legh, 2nd Baron Newton ( 1857 – 1942 )

* Henry Newton Brown ( 1857 – 1884 ), American lawman and outlaw of the old west

He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1856 at the Biblical Institute at Concord, New Hampshire ( later part of Boston University ), became a minister in the Episcopal Church in 1857, and during the next three years was a rector first at North Adams, and then at Newton Lower Falls, Massachusetts.

Commodore John Thomas Newton ( 20 May 1793 – 28 July 1857 ) was an officer in the United States Navy.

Mr. Justice Taney's Dred Scott decision in 1857 was unpopular in the North, and soon became a dead letter.

The 1857 Congressional rejection of the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution was the first multi-party solid-North vote, and that solid vote was anti-slavery to support the anti-slavery majority in Kansas Territory.

Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109, 917 people lived in the province.

Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.

Decipherment of cuneiform was a formidable task that took more than a decade, but by 1857, the Royal Asiatic Society was convinced that reliable reading of cuneiform texts was possible.

Although the process of fermentation was not fully understood until Pasteur's work in 1857, it is still the first use of biotechnology to convert a food source into another form.

The King's Library, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, however, special openings were arranged during The Great Exhibition of 1851.

The Round Reading Room, which was designed by the architect Sydney Smirke, opened in 1857.

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

The 44-metre tall monument to Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert was built in 1857 by the townspeople of Bodmin to honour the soldier's life and work in India.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof ( July 23, 1857 – February 11, 1944 ) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.

Charlotte's first-written novel, The Professor, was published posthumously in 1857.

Elizabeth Gaskell's biography The Life of Charlotte Brontë was published in 1857.

The first census was in 1857 when what is now Croatia was part of Austrian Empire.

In some countries such as Russia, the 1857 census found that over 35 percent of the population was serf ( крепостной крестьянин ).