On December 2, 1859, John Brown was hanged at Charles Town, Virginia.

* 1859 – Charles Comiskey, American baseball player and manager ( d. 1931 )

According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species.

This last aspect of Erewhon reveals the influence of Charles Darwin's evolution theory ; Butler had read On the Origin of Species soon after it was published in 1859.

The possibility of linking humans with earlier apes by descent only became clear after 1859 with the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

* 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.

When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859, one of its major problems was the lack of an underlying mechanism for heredity.

* 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.

* 1859 – King Charles XV & IV accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

The greatest change was the widespread acceptance of evolution as the mechanism of biological diversity and species formation, following the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

Two of the most significant thinkers of the period were biologist Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 82 ), author of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ( 1859 ), and political scientist Karl Marx ( 1818 – 83 ), author of Das Kapital ( 1867 ).

* 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist ( d. 1859 )

* 1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, 50th Governor of the U. S. state of North Carolina ( d. 1912 )

* 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, the anniversary of which is sometimes called " Evolution Day "

* The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin's 1859 book

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* A Tale of Two Cities ( 1859 ) by Charles Dickens

In his 1859 The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin recalls seeing coloured drawings of zebra-donkey hybrids, and mentions " Lord Moreton's famous hybrid from a chesnut mare and male quagga ..." Darwin mentioned this particular hybrid again in 1868 in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, and provides a citation to the journal in which Lord Morton first described the breeding.

Sexual selection, a concept introduced by Charles Darwin in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, is a significant element of his theory of natural selection.

On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

Not until the publication of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species in 1859, and the large-scale abandonment of the literal reading of the Bible that it caused in Britain, did many of Paine's ideas take hold.

; 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, which leads to various reactions.

With the publication of Darwin's theory of evolution in 1859, the concept of a " natural system " of taxonomy gained a theoretical basis, and the idea was born that groups used in a system of classification should represent branches on the evolutionary tree of life.

Haeckel's work was published in 1866 and 1874, years after Darwin's " The Origin of Species " ( 1859 ).

Lyell discussed arrangements with publisher John Murray III, of the publishing house John Murray, who responded immediately to Darwin's letter of 31 March 1859 with an agreement to publish the book without even seeing the manuscript, and an offer to Darwin of of the profits.

The Examiner review of 3 December 1859 commented, " Much of Mr. Darwin's volume is what ordinary readers would call ' tough reading ;' that is, writing which to comprehend requires concentrated attention and some preparation for the task.

Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, a seminal work of scientific literature, was to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

By comparing skeletons of apes to man T. H. Huxley ( 1825 – 1895 ) backed up Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, first expressed in On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ), and developed the " Pithecometra principle " which stated that man and ape were descended from a common ancestor.

In 1859, when Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was first published, the fossil record was poorly known.

Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, gave it a firm scientific basis.

Among the collection's items are the Nuremberg Chronicle ( 1493 ), Shakespeare's First Folio ( 1623 ), Newton's Principia ( 1687 ), and Darwin's proof copy ( with annotations ) of On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ).

It was Darwin's second book on evolutionary theory, following his 1859 work, On The Origin of Species.

The Crisis of Faith was brought about in 1859 with Charles Darwin's work On the Origin of Species ; his theory was ( in the basic form ) that the Natural World had become what it was through gradual change over eons.

The reaction to Darwin's theory, even after publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, was more muted than he had feared.

The publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859 brought scientific credibility to evolution, and made it a respectable field of study.

The decades following Charles Darwin's publication of The Origin of Species, in 1859, saw the overwhelming majority of North American and British naturalists accept some form of evolution, with many liberal and educated churchmen following their example, and thereby rejecting a biblically literalist interpretation of Genesis.

Bazargan is noted for having done some of the first work in human thermodynamics, as found in his 1946 chapter “ A Physiological Analysis of Human Thermodynamics ” and his 1956 book Love and Worship: Human Thermodynamics, the latter of which being written while in prison, in which he attempted to show that religion and worship are a byproduct of evolution, as explained in English naturalist Charles Darwin's 1859 Origin of Species, and that the true laws of society are based on the laws of thermodynamics.

Shortly after the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley proposed that birds were descendants of dinosaurs.

The Archaeopteryx is a transitional fossil ; and the time of its discovery was apt: coming on the heels of Darwin's 1859 magnum opus, The Origin of Species, made it quite possibly the most famous fossil in the world.

He encouraged Darwin to publish, and following the 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, Lyell finally offered a tepid endorsement of evolution in the tenth edition of Principles.

For example, at the time that Darwin first published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ( 1859 ), no remains of human ancestors had yet been found.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his groundbreaking 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described by analogy to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

The term was introduced by Darwin in his influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favored for reproduction.

On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings.

* On the Origin of Species-full text at Wikisource of the first edition, 1859

However, he later developed his theory of evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, which offers an alternate explanation of biological order.

This study of natural history was most powerfully advanced by Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution first published in his book On the Origin of Species in 1859.

* Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859

In On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ), Charles Darwin wrote " Although I do not know of any thoroughly well-authenticated cases of perfectly fertile hybrid animals, I have some reason to believe that the hybrids from Cervulus vaginalis and Reevesii [...] are perfectly fertile.