Following the downfall of Czechoslovakia and occupation of its Czech part by Nazi Germany in 1939, Czechoslovak units and formations served with the Polish Army ( Czechoslovak Legion ), the French Army, the Royal Air Force, the British Army ( the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade ), and the Red Army ( I Corps ).

While most armies still maintained cavalry units at the outbreak of World War II in 1939, significant mounted action was largely restricted to the Polish, Balkan and Soviet campaigns.

A popular myth is that Polish cavalry armed with lances charged German tanks during the September 1939 campaign.

Another myth describes Polish cavalry as being armed with both sabres and lances ; lances were used for peacetime ceremonial purposes only and the primary weapon of the Polish cavalryman in 1939 was a rifle.

Moreover, the Polish cavalry brigade order of battle of 1939 included, apart from the mounted soldiers themselves, light and heavy machine guns ( wheeled ), Anti-tank rifle, model 35, anti-aircraft weapon, artillery like Bofors 37 mm anti tank gun or light and scout tanks, etc.

Image: Polish cavalry in Sochaczew ( 1939 ) a. jpg | Polish cavalry galloping through a bombed town during the German invasion of Poland in 1939.

Most Holocaust historians identify six German Nazi extermination camps, all in occupied Poland ; two of them, Chełmno and the Auschwitz II, in the western Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany ( October 1939 ), four in the General Government area.

* 1885 – Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer and painter ( d. 1939 )

* 1939 – Czesław Niemen, Polish singer-songwriter and composer ( d. 2004 )

Following the end of World War I, the Greater Poland Uprising ( 1918 – 1919 ) ensured that most of the region became part of the newly independent Polish state, forming most of Poznań Voivodeship ( 1921 – 1939 ).

The Second Polish Republic was established and existed from 1918 to 1939.

Second Polish Republic ( until 1939 )

After taking around 300, 000 Polish prisoners in 1939 and early 1940, 25, 700 Polish POWs were executed on 5 March 1940, pursuant to a note to Stalin from Lavrenty Beria, in what became known as the Katyn massacre.

Stalin also stated that the Polish government-in-exile demands for self-rule were not negotiable, such that the Soviet Union would keep the territory of eastern Poland they had already taken by invasion with German consent in 1939, and wanted the pro-Soviet Polish government installed.

* 1939 – Jacek Gmoch, Polish footballer and coach

On 21 March 1939, Hitler first went public with his demand that Danzig rejoin the Reich and for " extra-territorial " roads across the Polish Corridor.

That same day, on 21 March 1939, Ribbentrop presented a set of demands to the Polish Ambassador Józef Lipski about Poland allowing the Free City of Danzig to return to Germany in such violent and extreme language that it led to the Poles to fear their country was on the verge of an immediate German attack.

On 31 March 1939, the British Prime Minister Chamberlain announced before the House of Commons the British “ guarantee ” of Poland, which committed Britain to go to war to defend Polish independence, though pointedly the “ guarantee ” excluded Polish frontiers.

Alicante was the last city loyal to the Republican government to be occupied by dictator Franco's troops on 1 April 1939, and its harbour saw the last Republican government officials fleeing the country.

The Spanish Civil War ( 1936 – 1939 ) was exceptional because both sides of the war received support from intervening great powers: Germany, Italy, and Portugal supported opposition leader Francisco Franco, while France and Russia supported the government ( see proxy war ).

Pare Lorentz's The Plow That Broke the Plains ( 1936 ) and The River ( 1938 ) and Willard Van Dyke's The City ( 1939 ) are notable New Deal productions, each presenting complex combinations of social and ecological awareness, government propaganda, and leftist viewpoints.

The hyperinflation under the Chinese Nationalists from 1939 to 1945 is a classic example of a government printing money to pay civil war costs.

Although Labour Party conferences had for years called for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, the Labour government now decided to maintain the 1939 White Paper restrictions.

When as a result, Tiso had the Slovak regional government issue a declaration of independence on 14 March 1939, the ensuing crisis in Czech-Slovak relations was used as a pretext to summon the Czecho-Slovak President Emil Hácha to Berlin over his " failure " to keep order in his country.

From early 1939 onwards, Ribbentrop had become the leading advocate within the German government of reaching an understanding with the Soviet Union as the best way of pursuing both the short-term anti-Polish, and long-term anti-British foreign policy goals.

For a brief moment in August 1939, Ribbentrop convinced Hitler that the Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Union would cause the fall of the Chamberlain government, and lead to a new British government that would abandon the Poles to their fate.

Much of his early work was financed by his family and commerce, but after 1939 he was given resources by the Nazi German government.

Lee Harvey Oswald ( October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963 ) was, according to four government investigations, the sniper who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.

Upon the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, the government of Luxembourg observed its neutrality and issued an official proclamation to that effect on September 6, 1939.

On 30 November 1939, after a futile year-and-a-half campaign to persuade the Finnish government to cede territory to the Soviet Union and give up some sovereignty by conceding specific military and political favors, the Soviet Union launched an offensive against Finland, starting what came to be known as the Winter War.

In August 1939, after another failure of attempts to establish a counter-Nazism alliance with Britain and France, and after Western powers had engaged in the policy of Appeasement with Nazi Germany, the Soviet government finally agreed to establish peaceful relations by concluding the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, pledging non-aggression between the two countries and dividing their spheres of influence in Eastern Europe.

* 1939 – World War II: Polish government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.

Many Silesian residents not only resented the Germans for their invasion in 1939, but now also the newly formed Polish communist government for their population shifting and interference in agricultural, as well as industrial, affairs.

* 1939 – Burmese national hero U Ottama dies in prison after a hunger strike to protest Britain's colonial government.

The USSR and Lithuania concluded a mutual assistance treaty on 10 October 1939, with which the Lithuanian government accepted the presence of Soviet military bases in various parts of the country.

His government also made the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation a crown corporation in 1936, created Trans-Canada Airlines ( the precursor to Air Canada ) in 1937, and formed the National Film Board of Canada in 1939.

King's promise not to impose conscription contributed to the defeat of Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale Quebec provincial government in 1939 and Liberals're-election in the 1940 election.

* Granatstein, J. L. Canada's War: The politics of the Mackenzie King government, 1939 – 1945 ( 1975 )

That aggressive strategy worked as Germany pulled out of the League of Nations ( 1933 ), rejected the Versailles Treaty and began to re-arm ( 1935 ), won back the Saar ( 1935 ), remilitarized the Rhineland ( 1936 ), formed an alliance (" axis ") with Mussolini's Italy ( 1936 ), sent massive military aid to Franco in the Spanish Civil War ( 1936 – 39 ), seized Austria ( 1938 ), took over Czechoslovakia after the British and French appeasement of the Munich Agreement of 1938, formed a peace pact with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union in August 1939, and finally invaded Poland in September 1939.

Initially, Germany hoped to transform Poland into a satellite state, but by March 1939 German demands had been rejected by the Poles three times, which led Hitler to decide, with enthusiastic support from Ribbentrop, upon the destruction of Poland as the main German foreign policy goal of 1939.

When a joint German-Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn.

" Finland rejected territorial demands and was invaded by the Soviet Union in November 1939.

The Royal Commission reported in March 1939, and though it accepted amalgamation in principle, it rejected it for immediate implementation.

The San Antonio Light newspaper reported in its July 16, 1939, edition — in anticipation of the girl's expected visit to university scientific facilities in the United States — that a national Peruvian obstetrician / midwife association had demanded before the birth that the girl be transported to a national maternity hospital and quoted April 18 reports in the Peruvian paper La Crónica stating that a North American filmmaking concern sent a representative " with authority to offer the sum of $ 5000 to benefit the minor exchange for filming rights ... we know that the offer was rejected.

It was they who, much later on ( in 1939 ) finally rejected the authority of Peter Verigin's great-grandson, John J. Verigin.

Sultan Ibrahim's rejected proposals, and made a £ 250, 000 cash gift to George VI of the United Kingdom on his 44th birthday in 1939 during his trip to Europe in 1939.

His ideas rejected by the Conservative Party, Herridge, in 1939, launched the New Democracy party, which advocated monetary reform and government intervention in the economy.

He was first elected a district captain in 1939, but was rejected by the leadership in the struggle between Irish and Italian interests for control of the organization.

He published the first Madeline book in 1939 ; after being rejected by Viking, it was published by Simon and Schuster.

In December 1938 he planned an offensive in Andalusia and Extremadura in order to halt the Nationalist offensive against Catalonia, but the generals Matallana and Miaja rejected the plan and the offensive didn't start until January 1939 and failed.

He remained on the Australian Military Forces list of inactive reserve officers, however, in 1939 when the Second World War began Keysor attempted to rejoin the military, but was rejected on medical grounds.

Written in July 1938 when Asimov was 18, it was rejected by Astounding Science Fiction in August, then accepted in October by Amazing Stories, appearing in the March 1939 issue.

He then submitted it to Charles D. Hornig, editor of Science Fiction, on 7 May 1939 ; Hornig rejected it two days later.

In 1939, a 69 year old carpenter named Gustave Blair who had legally changed his name to ' Charley Ross ' became the last of the thousands of would-be ' Charley Rosses ' to have his claims rejected by the Ross family.

He was rejected for the post of Professor of counterpoint and fugue at the Paris Conservatoire in 1926 by 20 votes to two ( the two being Albert Roussel and Maurice Emmanuel ), but from 1935 to 1939 he was allowed to teach fugue and modal polyphony at the Schola Cantorum.

) It was rejected by the United States Congress in February 1939, after public opinion polls had indicated a negative attitude toward increased immigration.

In 1939, he founded the Canaanite movement, which rejected both religion and Jewish nationalism.

In 1939, aged 18, the Amsterdam acting school rejected him for ' lack of talent '.