* 1961 – First use in Vietnam War of the Agent Orange by the U. S. Army.

Agent Orange is the combination of the code names for Herbicide Orange ( HO ) and Agent LNX, one of the herbicides and defoliants used by the U. S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

The other three were Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc., 366 U. S. 617 ( 1961 ); Braunfeld v. Brown, 366 U. S. 599 ( 1961 ); Two Guys from Harrison vs. McGinley, 366 U. S. 582 ( 1961 ).

*" U. S .- Canada Test Of Air Defence A Success ", The New York Times, October 16, 1961.

New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U. Graduate School of Library Service, 1961.

In 1961, Eisenhower became the first U. S. president to be constitutionally prevented from running for re-election to the office, having served the maximum two terms allowed.

Tolkien had authorized a paperback edition of The Hobbit in 1961, though that edition was never made available outside the U. K.

Samuel Fuller's brutal, visually energetic films such as Pickup on South Street ( 1953 ) and Underworld U. S. A. ( 1961 ) earned him a unique reputation ; his advocates praise him as " primitive " and " barbarous ".

* 1961 – U. S. S. R. launches Venera 1 towards Venus.

In the U. S. in September 1961, the federal government started the Community Fallout Shelter Program.

In 1961, SRI International issued a study on " The Economic Feasibility of Passenger Hydrofoil Craft in U. S. Domestic and Foreign Commerce ".

Commercial use of hydrofoils in the U. S. first appeared in 1961 when two commuter vessels were commissioned by Harry Gale Nye, Jr .' s North American Hydrofoils to service the route from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey to the financial district of Lower Manhattan.

On July 25, 1961, Kennedy insisted in a presidential address that the U. S. would defend West Berlin, asserting its Four-Power rights, while making it clear that challenging the Soviet presence in Germany was not possible.

Former U. S. Congressman W. Sterling Cole served as the IAEA's first Director General from 1957 to 1961.

* 1961 – U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the " military-industrial complex ".

* 1961 – Apollo program: U. S. President John F. Kennedy announces before a special joint session of the Congress his goal to initiate a project to put a " man on the Moon " before the end of the decade.

U Thant (; ; ; Born-January 22, 1909 ; Died-November 25, 1974 ) was a Burmese diplomat and served as the third Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1961 to 1971.

Thant began serving as acting Secretary-General from November 3, 1961, when he was unanimously appointed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security Council in Resolution 168, to fill the unexpired term of Dag Hammarskjöld.

U Thant became the third UN Secretary-General in 1961.

On November 2, 1961, the UN General Assembly unanimously appointed U Thant as Secretary General to replace Dag Hammarsköld.

The process – carried out partly at “ revolutionary universities ” and partly within prisons – was investigated and reported upon by Robert Jay Lifton, then Research Professor of Psychiatry at Yale University: see Lifton ( 1961 ).

Until the formation of a national council in 1961, supporters and local groups had no formal voice in the national organisation, which until then had been led by the self-appointed executive committee.

In 1961, while a Recreation Leader and then Recreation Supervisor for the City of Newport Beach, CA he formulated and then began organizing Frisbee golf tournaments at nine of the City's playgrounds he supervised.

Apocryphal legend has it that in 1961, either Jack Liebowitz or Irwin Donenfeld of DC Comics ( then known as National Periodical Publications )

In 1961 Dino Risi directed Una vita difficile ( A Difficult Life ), then Il sorpasso ( The Easy Life ), now a cult-movie, followed by: I Mostri ( The Monsters, also known as 15 From Rome ), In nome del Popolo Italiano ( In the Name of the Italian People ) and Profumo di donna ( Scent of a Woman ).

You Bet Your Life debuted in October 1947 on radio on ABC ( which aired it from 1947 – 49 ), sponsored by costume jewelry manufacturer Allen Gellman ; and then on CBS ( 1949 – 50 ), and finally NBC, continuing until May 1961 — on radio only, 1947 – 1950 ; on both radio and television, 1950 – 1960 ; and on television only, 1960-1961.

Goa was invaded by India in 1961 and became an Indian state in 1987 ; East Timor was abandoned in 1975 and was then invaded by Indonesia.

After years of failed negotiations, Nehru authorized the Indian Army to liberate Goa in 1961 from Portuguese occupation, and then he formally annexed it to India.

" Although none of his attempts to kill Superman work permanently ( though a classic non-canonical story from 1961 entitled " The Death of Superman " has Luthor finally killing Superman after lulling him by pretending to go straight, although Supergirl then arrests him and he is exiled to the Phantom Zone ), Luthor routinely manages to escape from prison and threaten the world again.

Five months later in January 1960, after significant pressure from the NFL, the ownership group, along with Bernie Ridder, reneged on its agreement with the AFL and then was awarded the National Football League's 14th franchise with play to begin in 1961.

Coltrane then departed to form his classic quartet, although he returned for some of the tracks on Davis ' 1961 album Someday My Prince Will Come.

* 1961 – Scores of Algerian protesters ( some claim up to 400 ) are massacred by the Paris police at the instigation of Nazi collaborator Maurice Papon, then chief of the Prefecture of Police.

The Eagles had a good 1961 season and then fell on hard times in 1962.

Created and developed in 1893 and introduced as " Brad's Drink ", it was later renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, then to Pepsi in 1961.

Dag Hammarskjöld's former farm at Backåkra, close to Ystad in southern Sweden, was bought in 1957 as a summer residence by Hammarskjöld, then Secretary-General of the United Nations ( 1953 – 1961 ).

The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, on the basis of elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force, then present in the country.

In the 1961 version of The Parent Trap, conversations between the twins were simulated by filming the actress ( Hayley Mills ) as she stood at the left of the frame facing right, then filming her again, standing at the right and facing left.

The U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs recognizes veterans that served in the country then known as the Republic of Vietnam from February 28, 1961 to May 7, 1975, as being eligible for such programs as the department's Readjustment Counseling Services program ( aka Vet Centers ).

He then cemented his reputation with a proof of the Poincaré conjecture for all dimensions greater than or equal to 5, published in 1961 ; in 1962 he generalized the ideas in a 107 page paper that established the h-cobordism theorem.

After serving in Cameroun ( 1958 – 1960 ), Marien went to the Ecole Militaire Préparatoire in Strasbourg, France and then to the Ecole Inter-armes at Coëtquidan Saint-Cyr in 1961.

Baran developed the concept of message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force in the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265 then published as RAND Paper P-2626 in 1962 and then including and expanding somewhat within a series of eleven papers titled On Distributed Communications in 1964.

Iraq sought to join the union between 1960 and 1961, and then reunite the union after 1963 with the proposal of Egypt, Iraq, and Syria reforming the UAR.